Analysis of Causes of Common Fires in the Family and Preventive Countermeasures

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, the family’s material conditions have been greatly improved, which has led to an increase in the use of household fire and electricity, and the resulting family fire has continued. According to the statistics of fires in recent years, urban households occupy a considerable proportion of household fires, and casualties and economic losses cannot be ignored.

The modern family furnishings and decoration are increasing day by day. Electricity, fire, and gas are continuously improved, and the probability of fire increases accordingly. Residents’ families often have a fire that is characterized by fierce combustion, rapid spread of fire, smog, and casualties. In addition, many urban residents use gas or liquefied petroleum gas, which can easily lead to gas combustion and explosion after a fire. Some urban-rural fringe residents live in bungalows. Some of their roofs are built with combustible materials. After a fire starts, the fire is easily burned to the ceiling. The rapid spread of fire along the roof causes the fire to spread and cause the building to collapse. In a family home, after a fire, people often suffer casualties and serious economic losses because of lack of self-rescue capability. If the family does not get timely control after the fire, it will affect four neighbors and cause the entire residential building or the entire village to be exposed to fire hazards.

According to the characteristics of some residential fires in recent years, the main causes of fires are the following:

First, human-induced fire

In home fires, it is caused by human factors. People’s unsafe behavior is one of the most important factors that cause fires, such as unsafe use of fire, unsafe use of gas, littering of cigarette butts, unbridled wires in flammable ceilings, and unwieldy lighting. China's fire education and propaganda started late, has a weak foundation, and has less investment. In addition, the objective conditions such as the difficulty of large-scale educational propaganda and other issues make the national awareness of fire protection relatively weak. In particular, urban and rural residents have failed to master the correct fire prevention knowledge and fire fighting skills, lack self-prevention and self-rescue capability for disasters, and lack the concept of fire safety law. This series of unfavorable factors directly led to the fact that fire accidents caused by man-made causes have remained high for years. According to the number of fires, statistics indicate that the number of fires caused by human factors accounts for about 60% of each year . According to statistical data analysis, man-made fires can be roughly divided into the following types:

( a ) The fire in the kitchen is careless. When using gas stoves and liquefied petroleum gas stoves, the pots hold too much water, and after heating, the water overflows to extinguish the flames, and the gas released as usual, the liquefied petroleum gas and the air are mixed and burned in the event of an open flame ; when the household stirs the oil, the oil pan overheats. Fire ; Straw ash, firewood ash, firewood ash, etc. are burnt down and burned outside. The fire in the ash is not completely extinguished. Once windy weather is encountered, Mars will be taken to an outdoor grass hut or room. The sawdust in the top is most likely to ignite it into a fire. This kind of fire is particularly prominent in rural areas.

( b ) Insecurity in life and lighting. Urban and rural residents with summer mosquito or mosquito coils, mosquito coils, etc. due to improper placement or long-term electric mosquito coils in working condition, and lead to a fire; when power outages and some farmers are careless when using candles for light, after the call to forget blowing out the candles or lit candles Coming too close to combustibles, the fire spread into disasters.

(C) careless smoking. At home, throw cigarette butts, not extinguish cigarette butts cause ignition of combustible materials in the home; due to the influence of drink or sleep in bed, smoking on the sofa, smoking has not put people to sleep, the result of burning bedding, sofas, cause a fire; because some The use of flammable and explosive materials in residents' homes caused a fire.

( d ) Children play with fire. Children lack life experience and do not know the danger of fire. Fire is a magical magic thing for children. It attracts a childish innocence of curious children. Common ways for children to play with fire are to play with matches, lighters at home, to remove gunpowder from firecrackers, and to open switches on gas and liquefied gas cylinders. In addition, when children and adults are not at home, children often catch fire when they catch fire. Children do not understand common sense, often panic and run away, hiding in corners, etc., so that the fire caused by the small fire eventually became a tragedy.

( e ) Man-made arson. When people live, they will inevitably bump into the arguments of the quarrel. If they can not tolerate one point of ceremonial decrepitude, they will grudge each other. At this time, some ignorant, selfish, narrow and lacking in legal knowledge will anger and cause family fire accidents. The occurrence of fire, or because of the illness of a person with mental illness who loses control of one's own behavior, causes arson to cause a fire.

Second, the electrical fire

In recent years, China's economy and electric power industry has developed rapidly, and the types and usage of electrical products have increased rapidly. However, due to people's unclear understanding of electrical lines and electrical products, improper installation, improper operation, or due to the quality of electrical equipment and electrical products The number of fire accidents caused by inferiority has increased significantly.

( a ) Fire caused by electrical lines. Electric lines often generate electric sparks, arcs or cause insulated wires and cables to overheat and cause fire due to short circuit, overload operation, excessive contact resistance, leakage current, and other reasons. 1 , short circuit. The short-circuit of the home wire means that the two wires of the alternating current are in contact with each other and the current does not pass through the power equipment in the line. Short-circuiting is one of the most important causes of electrical fires, because in the event of a short-circuit, the current in the circuit's return flow is very high. Strong sparks and arcing occur at the short-circuit point, causing the wire and insulation to rapidly burn, and causing the surrounding material Combustion occurs. 2 , overloaded. The amount of current in the electrical circuit that allows continuous passage without overheating the conductor is called allowable ampacity or safe current. If the current through the conductor exceeds the safe current value, the conductor is overloaded. Overloading of the wire increases the temperature of the wire and causes the insulation of the wire to burn, and it can ignite combustibles near the wire. 3 , contact resistance is too large. When a conductor is connected, the resistance formed on the contact surface is called the contact resistance. If the joints are handled well, the contact resistance is small. If the joints are in poor contact or other reasons, the contact resistance is too large. When the current passes through, the contact resistance is too large and heat is generated, making the metal discolored. Melts and causes ignition of combustible materials near the electrical path.

( b ) Fire caused by electrical equipment. In addition to the electrical circuit can cause fire, there are a large number of electrical fires caused by electrical equipment, because the use of electrical energy is mainly to convert electrical energy into heat energy, light energy, mechanical energy, etc., this will inevitably use some such as lights, motors Electrical equipment such as electric heaters, etc. If these equipments and devices are improperly selected and used unreasonably, there is a high risk of fire.

Third, family fire prevention measures

Everywhere in the family, there are fire hazards that we must prevent. Doing a good job of fire prevention is the premise of every family's happiness and well-being. Family members should do a good job in the inspection of home fire safety at all times:

(1) Always inspect the home's electrical circuit for damage, whether the wires are bare, hot, and whether the home appliances are overloaded, etc. If the wires are found to be severely aged, replace them promptly.

(2) Check whether the gas hoses of the liquefied gas stoves in the kitchen are leaky ; whether the kitchen gas appliances are in a well-ventilated place, whether the windows are ventilated when using the gas appliances, and avoid heating the tank when the gas leaks, Recessed cans. Liquefied gas stoves, air-conducting hoses, and gas cylinders should be regularly maintained.

(3) Check if the position of household appliances such as televisions and heaters is suitable. Place the TV in a moisture-proof, dust-proof, ventilated place. Do not store it around flammable or explosive liquids or gases. Prevent the TV from discharging and igniting to ignite flammable flammable materials. The curtain cannot be placed on the window air conditioner. The sockets of various electrical appliances should be kept away from the fire source. Any damage to the power cord should be promptly replaced to prevent short circuits. When all kinds of household appliances stop using, they should cut off the power in a timely manner. Appliances with poor performance and hard quality should be promptly repaired and replaced.

(4) Check whether the household flammable and explosive articles such as perfume, mousse, nail polish, and lighter are placed in a cool and dry place. Do not place near heat, fire or sunlight.

(5) It is best not to install a fenced closed balcony and anti-theft window to check the stairways and balconies in the home to prevent debris from building up. This will prevent the fire escape from happening and cut off the road to escape.

Domestic fires also have their own development laws, and correct responses can effectively protect themselves.

When families start fire, they first form a fire point. When the fire burns at the fire point, in general, the burning area is not large, and the fire temperature is only high at the local temperature of the fire point. The temperature rises at other points in the room are not large. At this stage, the development of combustion is mostly slow. It is possible to form a large fire, and it is possible to extinguish itself. The development of combustion is unstable.

Therefore, we must seize this opportunity to control and extinguish the fire in a timely and effective manner by using the correct fire extinguishing methods with a small amount of water or other extinguishing agents. If the fire is not controlled at this stage, the combustion spreads throughout the room, and all the combustibles contained in the room catch fire. The fire enters the fierce combustion phase. At this stage, the indoor combustibles are burning violently and the fire temperature begins to rise. , And to reach the highest point, the high-temperature flue gas and toxic gas formed by combustion will have a tremendous impact on the evacuation of personnel, the transportation of materials, and the suppression of fire. At this stage, residents should put their self-rescue on the first place. Keep a clear-headed and calm mind in front of the fire and actively, steadily, and quickly choose the evacuation route and evacuation method. If you are unable to evacuate, you should calmly choose to avoid the place, and close the doors and windows, do a good job of watering, protection and heat insulation measures, and get in touch with outsiders in time for external rescue.

In this stage, it must be remembered that residents must not delay the chance of escape in order to fall in love with their belongings because the fire is very fierce at this stage, the rate of spread of the fire, the rising speed of the fire, the smoke in the burning area, The rate of increase of poison gas is very fast, so we should seize the time and escape as soon as possible.

Although the fire is terrible, the fire can still be prevented by learning relevant firefighting knowledge and using fire and electricity safely in family life. In daily life, it is also necessary for us to have some common knowledge about fire fighting and escape skills. We should keep calm in the event of a fire, and we can use our knowledge of fire prevention and use effective escape methods to save ourselves.