Steel barrel production safety technology (2)

Second, edging production of dust safety technology

The production dust produced by the steel barrel during the milling process is formed during the production process. The formation of the product includes sand and dust that are worn by the grinding wheel, iron sand grains that have been removed from the steel plate, and fumes and oxides that are generated from the grinding wheel binder at high temperatures. Zinc plate zinc oxide oxidation of zinc oxide gas and so on.

When engaged in edging work without paying attention to dust and safety, the operator is prone to occupational disease - pneumoconiosis. Pneumoconiosis (also known as dust disease) is a chronic disease caused by long-term inhalation of dust that is mainly caused by lung disease. The main pathological changes are mild or mild fibrous changes in the lungs. Severe cases can cause lung disease. Hardening affects the breathing and circulation of the lungs. Therefore, the edging workshop should be equipped with a dust collector.

Dust is suspended in the gas to form an aerosol, also known as dusty gas. The force that suspends the dust in the gaseous medium derives from the forces of the medium gas and dust particles themselves or other dust particles. These forces include the molecular diffusion force of the gas, the turbulent motion diffusion force, the fluid flow force, and the Brownian motion of the dust particles, the attraction between dust particles, and the charge force. These forces are the inherent internal forces of the dust-containing gas. The balance of these internal forces forms various characteristics of the dust-laden gas.

In the process of dust removal, artificially adding some external force to destroy the balance of the internal forces of the dust-laden gas, so that it has a separation effect, in order to achieve the purpose of separating the dust from the gas. These external forces include mechanical force, magnetic force, retarding force, acoustic pressure, electric power, etc. This is what we commonly use as a dust remover.

There are many types of dust removal equipment, classified by working medium, and can be divided into dry and wet types. Drum mills generally use dry dust collectors. To make dust-proof devices work properly, effective regular inspections are very important. The main contents and items of the inspection include: visual inspection of the main pipe and branch pipe without damage and cracks; no negative pressure in the main pipe and branch pipe; dust collection hood intact and effective (method: length of 10cm, width 2cm paper strip test Whether it is shaken in the hood or not), a wind shield should be installed in each pipe, with no serious damage to the outer shape; reasonable design and installation; most of the dust fumes can be pumped away; gates can be flexible without leakage; Materials and bags should be free of hard structure or damage; the collection device should be intact, the collection mouth should be equipped with a bucket, collection container or cloth bag; the collection device and conveying device should be free from leakage and dust. Multi-stage dust removal, netting device should be qualified at each level.

In order to effectively control the flying of dust, the form of the suction hood of the edge grinder should just take away the dust splashed out along the tangential direction of the grinding wheel so as not to spread the dust. For a set of ventilation and dust removal system shared by multiple grinding wheels for the whole edger, check whether 10×2 cm lines in the hood of the farthest end (farthest from the spindle tuyere) can be checked when the inspection system is operationally valid. Jitter, if not shaken, indicates that the system has poor dust removal efficiency. The test position of the paper strip should be selected outside the hood opening at the end of the grinding wheel. If the paper strip is shaken outwards, it means that the draft has failed; if the paper strip is flicked into the hood (attracted), the draft is valid.

Third, the steel barrel stamping shear production safety technology

Many processes in steel drum production are stamping, shearing, bending and other production methods. The machinery they use is generally called stamping machinery. Stamping machinery is an integral part of forging machinery. Common types include open or closed presses, multi-position automatic presses, die rotary presses, high-speed presses, precision blanking presses, shears, and shear presses. Machines, leveling machines, roll bending machines, etc. According to the pressure, 300T or more can be divided into large presses, 100T~300T are medium presses, 100T is small presses, and the main structure can be divided into open, closed, single-point and double-point press; The methods can be divided into hydraulic, crank and spiral type; according to the open clutch type, it can be divided into rigid, friction type and electromagnetic type. The barrel punching shearing and pressure equipment is a processing machine that applies pressure to the material to make it plastically deformed or separated to obtain barrels of various shapes. It is mainly used for the production of barrel cover (top), barrel bottom, barrel mouth, obturator, and cutting.

Currently, the punching and shearing machines used in the barrel making industry are generally poor in intrinsic safety. Especially for the open structure equipment, the use of rigid clutches is not easy to stop at any position, and it is difficult to replenish security measures; most of the stamping machines are simple to operate. , High frequency of use, operator fatigue after repeated operations, easy error; other punching and shearing machinery noise is generally up to 90dB or more, has been listed as one of the top ten industrial noise sources; punching and shearing machine operation in the accident frequency is higher It is the first of the steel drum production equipments. Among them, the equipment injury (break) finger accident is the most during the workpiece loading process.

The clutch is a mechanism used to move and stop the punch (slider) of the press. At present, a rigid clutch and a disc friction clutch are widely used. Rigid clutches are widely used in open mechanical presses with a nominal pressure of 1000KN or less and a stroke number of 200 strokes per minute or less. The operating system of the releaser should check whether there is a break in the key, key handle or direct key, and the operator Whether the rods, pins and springs are broken or not; whether the electrical system has adhesion of electromagnets, adhesion of intermediate relays, failure of travel limiter, check brake with no breakage, etc Accidents, rigid clutch presses, the top dead stop angle of the crank is not more than 5o, the top deadpoint stop angle of the crank of the pneumatic friction press should be no more than 5o~10o, and the clutch action should ensure agility and reliability.

The function of the brake is to prevent the crankshaft from rotating in an inertial manner, so that the slider can be quickly stopped at a desired position; it can also serve to balance the weight of the slider and prevent the slider from falling. The brakes and clutches must be coordinated and interlocked, ie the brakes must first be disengaged when the machine is switched on, and the clutches should be combined slightly later. The brake action must be sensitive, and the rigid brake band must not be subject to falling off, unevenness and oil contamination; the interlocking or connection of the clutch and the brake should be accurate and tight, and the work should be stable and coordinated; the slider should be at the top dead point during normal stoppage. nearby.

Friction clutch type presses are generally required to install a stop button. This kind of press machine is used to prevent accidents in the case of an emergency. Before and after the large presses should have a tight stop button, press the stop button to protrude from other buttons or plane, the button should have a striking red mark.

The most commonly used shearing machines for barrel making are mechanical transmissions. Production Safety Requirements Fasteners such as bolts, nuts, and bolts used on important parts of shears must be strictly prevented; the shearing process must be compacted first and then sheared, and sufficient press force and sufficient pressure should be provided. The number of pressing feet should be flat and complete. The operating switch and handle should be installed within the convenient range of the operator, and the height should be 1~1.5m away from the standing plane of the operator; in order to prevent the cutting material head or the debris from splashing out, a protective baffle or guard must be added in the dangerous area. The blade of the shear must be guaranteed to be correct, firm, reliable, and labor-saving when it is installed or replaced.

The punching and shearing machine foot switch should have upper and two non-slip protective covers on the exposed part. It is forbidden to use the coverless switch, but it can not be mounted on the worktable (no object impact). The shroud has sufficient strength. The entire length of the foot bar of the shear should be installed in the device cover (the hole of the tilt plate can be installed to allow the foot to reach into the operation); the spring of the foot switch is applied with a compression spring to ensure recovery. The power cord of the switch shall be a three-core rubber sheathed cable sheathed with a snake skin. If there is no movement and there is a possibility of object twisting, apply a channel steel or steel pipe cover (wear) to protect it. The free travel of the foot switch is not less than 15mm. The switch housing should be connected to zero. The switch should be waterproof, moisture-proof and sensitive to contact.

Extruded mechanical components such as transmission gears, belt pulleys, flywheels and couplings that are exposed on the bed less than 2m above the plane of the operator shall be equipped with effective protective covers. Parts of the transmission that are not frequently adjusted and maintained, the protective cover may be fixed, otherwise it shall be mobile. For any equipment with a working platform, an exposed protective cover must be provided on the basis of the platform and exposed transmission components with a height of 2m below the base surface. The strength and commonness of the shield are required to see the basic mechanical part.

The punching and shearing machine safety device is to prevent the punching and shearing machine from accidental injury when not using automatic or semi-automatic feeding and discharging devices, and the punching die or shearing blade or presser foot is closed (pressed down) when it has not yet left the die area. Use effective safety devices. Safety devices that have been listed in the national standards include: fixed-barrier safety devices, activity barrier-type safety devices, two-hand push-button type, dual-handle type, light type, inductive type, flap type, push-type and pull-type safety devices. There are also air curtain protection, hand-push protection, and automatic feeding devices. The common requirements of safety devices are: the safety device body components should have the strength and rigidity required for the function; the fasteners or positioning pins should be able to prevent loosening; the safety device relays, limiters and other major electrical components should ensure Functional design of the specified capacity and life; electrical control of light or inductive components, should meet the use of the environment temperature, interference, dust and other requirements to ensure that work is sensitive *; electrical control should be the beginning of the signal or sign; safety device The selector switch should adopt the key conversion method; the design, manufacture, inspection, and use of all types of safety devices should meet the relevant technical requirements or standards, and self-made should be installed and used after repeated tests.

For some small presses, inconvenient installation of suitable safety devices, the use of hand-held special tools for the return of materials with small labor intensity, convenient and flexible, can be used to achieve the operation outside the mold. Special tools include pliers, tweezers, hooks, electromagnetic or permanent magnet suction cups, etc. This is one of the measures for safety protection of current stamping operations. In the process operation, the process card shall be marked with the die number and the name and number of the special tool. When the worker operates, press the tool to perform the stamping operation according to the requirements of the process card to achieve the requirement of not entering the mold. When conditions permit, the special tools should be gradually changed to automatic or semi-automated inlet and outlet mechanisms or advanced and effective safety devices should be used, and color model management should not be used instead of safety devices.