Composition and use of firefighters' equipment

1. Fireproof clothing: It is used to protect the skin from heat radiation caused by flames and burning, and is not scalded by steam. The appearance of clothes should be able to prevent fire and water. (Asbestos fireproof clothing is not allowed to enter steam places.)

2, long shoes and gloves: made of rubber or other electrically insulating material.

3, Helmets: Should be strong and strong to withstand the impact.

4, Taiping axe: its handle should be provided with an insulating layer.

5, battery safety light: Lighting time is not less than 3 hours.

6. Respirator: It is worn by personnel who enter the fire to prevent poisoning by carbon monoxide or other harmful gases.

There are several kinds of air tube respirator, pressure air respirator and gas mask.

1) An air tube type respirator consists of a suitable air pump and a smoke protection helmet with a length of air duct, and the length of the air tube should be sufficient from the open deck to any part of the cargo compartment or engine room without obstruction, air The tube length does not exceed 36 meters. This type is rarely used on modern ships.

2) The pressure-storing air breathing apparatus is composed of a high-pressure gas cylinder, a mask and a regulating valve, a bypass valve, a low-pressure alarm, etc. Such a respirator generally can only continuously supply gas for 30 minutes in a fire field.

3) Gas masks are essential equipment items for firefighters to protect firefighters from the hazards of smoke and toxic gases. Gas masks are divided into filter type and isolation type. Since filter-type gas masks only function to purify air, they cannot be used in places where the atmosphere is deprived of oxygen or there is smoke in the atmosphere.

Insulated gas masks can completely isolate human respiratory organs from the outside world. Breathing takes place through oxygen or fresh air inside the mask. It can be used in places with high concentrations of toxic gas or smoke. Air tube respirator and pressure accumulator air respirator belong to this category.

(1) The main structure and function of respirator HQ-2

Respirator HQ-2 is mainly composed of complex surface, breathing hose, breathing air valve, oxygen bottle, air bag, clean can, and shell.

The complex surface is made of soft rubber. There are 1,2,3. When wearing, choose the appropriate size to maintain airtightness with the outside world.

The breathing tube is a wave-wrapped and rotatable rubber tube, one end of which is connected to the reservoir and the other end is connected to the breathing valve.

Breathing valves are two unidirectional airflow guides. When exhaling, the exhaled air flows through the exhalation valve into the clean canister. At this time, the inhalation valve is closed to ensure that the exhaled air does not flow into the air bag; when the air is inhaled, the inhalation valve is opened, and the air in the air bag is passed through the air intake valve by the human body. Absorption, when the exhalation valve is closed, the exhaled gas cannot be reversed. The cleaning tank contains 1.2 kg of CO2 absorbent [NaOH, Ca(OH)2]. One end is connected to the exhalation valve, and the other end is connected to the airbag so that the oxygen produced by the purification enters the airbag.

The airbag is made of elastic rubber and has a total capacity of 2.7 liters. There are three connection ports on it, the upper connection port is connected with the suction valve, one side is connected with the cleaning tank, and the other connection port is connected with the pressure reducer of the oxygen cylinder. The balloon is used to store a volume of breathable gas for the wearer to breathe. The automatic exhaust valve on the airbag is mainly used for discharging excess gas to ensure proper pressure in the airbag. The automatic exhaust valve is airtight and unidirectional, so that outside air cannot enter the airbag.

The oxygen cylinder has a capacity of 1 liter. At 200 atmospheres, the oxygen storage capacity is 200 liters, which is enough for the wearer to use for 2 hours. The barometer on the oxygen cylinder indicates the oxygen pressure in the cylinder, and the gas storage in the cylinder can be known accordingly. The oxygen supply mechanism consists of a pressure reducer, an automatic feeder, and a manual replenishment button. The pressure reducer reduces the high pressure gas in the oxygen cylinder to 2.5-3.0kg/cm2, and continuously inputs oxygen into the airbag through the quantitative hole in the pressure reducer. Oxygen flow can be adjusted from 1.1 to 1.3 liters per minute. The automatic recharging device uses the suction force of the lungs to open the automatic recharging valve when the oxygen in the balloon is insufficient for the human body to breathe, and a certain amount of oxygen is supplied to the air bag. The manual replenishment button is located in the middle of the lever of the automatic replenishment valve. Pressing this button enables the automatic replenishment valve to open. Use this button when oxygen in the airbag is inflated or if the regulator is defective.

(2) The gas exhaled by the human body enters the cleansing tank through the exhalation valve, and reacts with the CO2 absorbent in the clean tank to generate oxygen. The generated oxygen enters the air bag and the oxygen that is supplied from the oxygen bottle to the air bag reconstitutes the breathable gas. The valve supplies the human body. When you exhale, the suction valve closes and when you inhale, the exhalation valve closes. Reaction equation of CO2 absorbent:

Ca(OH)2 10 CO2→CaCO3 H2O

(3) Correct use

Before use, check whether each part is reliable and applicable, whether the breathing gas valve is sensitive and airtight, whether the automatic feeding device, manual replenishment button, and automatic exhaust valve are easy to use, and check whether the connecting parts of the connection parts are leaky. The oxygen storage capacity is sufficient.

When using, should choose healthy, experienced, skilled personnel. Wear a respirator in a fresh air place. Open the oxygen cylinder switch and check the working conditions of each component. After confirming that the respirator is working properly, wear a face helmet. After working a few moments, you should check the barometer pointer to judge the oxygen stock and the time for continuous work, and leave a certain amount of oxygen for use when leaving the site. During use, the opened oxygen cylinder switch no longer needs to touch it to prevent misoperation. According to the heating part of the cleaning tank, the work of the absorbent can be judged. In the course of work, if there is any discomfort, take a break and do not remove it. After completion of the task, take off the hood in fresh air and close the oxygen cylinder switch.

(4) Maintenance

Always keep the respirator clean and avoid contaminating with dust and oil. After each use should be cleaned and supplemented with oxygen for reuse. Avoid direct sunlight.