Domestic biopesticide status and development trend
2018-08-08 04:02:36
In the traditional sense, biological pesticides mainly refer to biological organisms that can be used to control diseases, insects, grasses and other harmful organisms, and use bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes and antagonistic microorganisms to control pests and diseases. Now, the concept of biopesticide has been expanded to define biological organisms, their metabolites and transgenic products, which are used to control pests such as diseases, insects and grasses, and can be used as biological source preparations for the circulation of commodities, including bacteria and viruses. Fungi, nematodes, plant growth regulators, and transgenic plants resistant to pests and diseases.
In the traditional sense, biological pesticides mainly refer to biological organisms that can be used to control diseases, insects, grasses and other harmful organisms, and use bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes and antagonistic microorganisms to control pests and diseases. Now, the concept of biopesticide has been expanded to define biological organisms, their metabolites and transgenic products, which are used to control pests such as diseases, insects and grasses, and can be used as biological source preparations for the circulation of commodities, including bacteria and viruses. Fungi, nematodes, plant growth regulators, and transgenic plants resistant to pests and diseases.
In recent years, the development and application of biological pesticides abroad has developed rapidly. In response to the various drawbacks of chemical pesticides, some countries have developed a series of bio-pesticides with high selectivity, high efficiency and no pollution. At present, among the biological pesticides, the most commonly used fungi in the world are Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium, which can control about 200 kinds of pests; the most commonly used bacteria are Bacillus thuringiensis, which is mainly used for controlling cotton, vegetables and fruits. A variety of lepidoptera and a variety of other pests, the efficacy is 55% higher than chemical pesticides; and viral insecticides can effectively prevent difficult diseases such as Spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SLNPV). There are about 30 kinds of commercial bio-pesticide in the world, only one Bt preparation, and the sales in 1997 reached 984 million US dollars. Statistics show that US biocide sales in 1990 were $15 million, and by 2000 it was estimated to have reached $600 million. In the past three years, China's bio-pesticides have increased by 80%. In 2000, the proportion of sales increased from 9% to 20%. It is safe to say that as long as agricultural development needs, bio-pesticides will have more room for development.
Domestic product status
The study of biopesticide in China began in the early 1950s and has a history of more than 50 years. More than 30 research institutes have been formed, and there are about 200 bio-pesticide production enterprises (about 2,000 pesticide production enterprises in the country). The main varieties are Bt insecticides and agricultural antibiotics (jinggangmycin, Liuyangmycin, and polymycin). , avermectin, etc.), plant-derived pesticides (rotopone, saponin, nicotine, alfalfa, etc.), transgenic plants (insect-resistant cotton, anti-white-leaf transgenic rice, etc.), viral pesticides (S. cerevisiae nuclear multi-angle Somatic viruses, Helicoverpa armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus, etc., fungal pesticides (B. albicans, Trichoderma, etc.), plant growth regulating pesticides (5406 cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, etc.).
With the rise of global biotechnology heat waves, the advantages of pollution-free, non-polluting, non-residual, low-cost and non-resistance make bio-pesticides regain favor and achieve rapid growth with annual sales growth of 10%-20%. . According to the statistics of the "Pesticide Registration Announcement", there are mainly the following types of biological pesticides that have been researched in China and have commercialized products:
Bt Bacillus Bt began in the 1960s and has grown to 80 manufacturers. It produces about 30,000 tons of products per year and is used in more than 20 provinces and cities to control crops such as grain, cotton, fruit, vegetables and forests. More than 20 kinds of pests, with an area of ​​more than 80 million mu. At present, the development of Bt is developing towards improving process flow and improving product quality, while continuing to search for Bt strains that naturally exist in Bt strains and molecular biology techniques to transform established strains.
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) This type of specificity is strong and develops rapidly. At present, more than 10 kinds of products have been developed, including cotton bollworm, cabbage caterpillar, Spodoptera litura, tea ruler, etc. More than a dozen products have been registered. Representative development units are Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuda Oasis Biotechnology Company. The output exceeds 1,000 tons.
Avermectin is one of the fastest growing macrolide antibiotics in recent years. By the end of 2000, 198 companies had been approved to produce avermectin single agent or avermectin as a raw material. The preparation of the preparation has strong contact activity and stomach toxicity, and can control various pests on various crops such as citrus, forestry, cotton, vegetables, tobacco, rice and the like.
Antibiotics China's antibiotics have been developed earlier, and the level is at the advanced level in the world. The products include Jinggangmycin, Nongkang 120, principal sulphate, scutellarin, spring lyre, and streptomycin. It is worth mentioning that the Jinggangmycin developed in the 1970s is enduring, and it is still the main breed of rice sheath blight prevention and control. The use area is 130 million mu (1 mu = 667 square meters), and it is based on the original liquid agent. , the development of high levels of soluble powder, the use of area has further increased. Since the 1990s, the research and development of antibiotics has developed rapidly. There are 20 kinds of pesticides approved for registration in China, 170 products, and 253 manufacturers, with an annual output of about 60,000-70 tons.
Biochemical pesticides are mainly plant growth agents and insect growth regulator products, and some products have been researched and developed in China. Among them, gibberellin has a long history of production, large output, and many manufacturers. The peak production of several thousand tons per year, the production of gibberellin has declined in recent years. The bryostatin is also a promising variety. In addition, chlorfenapyr, diflubenzuron, mosquito oil, ethephon, paclobutrazol, as well as red bollworm, cotton bollworm attractant, interferon, etc. have been successfully developed and entered industrial production, and some have been used for many years.
Problems in the development of industrialization
Although bio-pesticide is currently in full swing in the world, the market share is still very low compared with chemical pesticides in China. The main reasons are as follows:
The slow-acting biological pesticide does not have the advantages of less chemical pesticides and quicker effects. When encountering sudden and devastating pests and diseases, biological pesticides are even more difficult. In addition, farmers believe that there is no obvious price difference in the market for products produced with highly toxic pesticides and bio-pesticides, which is also an important reason why some farmers are reluctant to use biological pesticides. Therefore, the agricultural product market must also establish an operational mechanism for quality inspection and quality price difference.
Consumers' awareness and skills are poor. Bio-pesticide technology is strong. Farmers need to have a technology, concept transformation and adaptation process in the process of use. When new products go to market, the most important task is to promote. Therefore, all agriculture-related departments should increase the promotion and promotion of bio-pesticide, so that farmers can master the use of bio-pesticide skills to improve farmers' enthusiasm and subjective initiative in the use of bio-pesticide.
At present, the scale of enterprises is small. Most of the more than 200 biopesticide manufacturers in China are small enterprises, of which township and village enterprises account for a large part. These companies are vulnerable to market shocks and are difficult to sell in the situation of oversupply in the pesticide market. The lack of funds and technical personnel, coupled with the low conversion rate of scientific research results, led to the small scale of production and single product variety of bio-pesticide companies. At the same time, the disconnection between scientific research and production makes the production and sales profits of products not used in proportion to product research and development, so that the development of biological pesticides cannot enter the normal rapid development track. It is imperative to take the joint road.
Development Opportunities
The development of chemical pesticides is limited Due to the rapid development of pesticides and the growing awareness of human protection of the living environment and the shortcomings of chemical pesticides themselves, the development of chemical pesticides is becoming more and more difficult. Internationally, the demand for chemical pesticides tends to be saturated, and some years and a few varieties have shown a downward trend; domestic pesticide production capacity is excessive, and in addition to a small amount of fungicides and herbicides, there is still room for development, and pesticides are facing variety renewal and The factors that reduce the production situation and limit the development of chemical pesticides are as follows: 1 The difficulty in developing pesticides is increasing. As the environment and registration requirements become higher, forcing developers to look for better and safer compounds, the success rate has fallen dramatically. 2 bear the stigma of environmental pollution and damage to the ecological environment. On the whole, the proportion of pesticide pollution in the overall environmental pollution should be relatively small. It is undeniable that in addition to causing direct poisoning of humans and animals, the large-scale use of chemical pesticides also causes pollution to soil, groundwater, rivers and lakes due to its residues in soil and crops, especially for the survival and health of future generations. The use of high-efficiency, broad-spectrum chemical pesticides, while killing pests, also eliminates a large number of beneficial natural enemies, causing serious damage to the ecological balance of nature. 3 is prone to drug resistance. Experiments have shown that long-term and large-scale use of chemical pesticides can easily cause pest resistance. The launch of venture capital to promote the GEM market (ie the second board market) will bring new development opportunities for bio-pesticide. Biotechnology will soon be on the stock market, because bio-pesticide involves the biotechnology sector, the environmental protection sector, and the agricultural sector. These are the hot spots for investors to catch up. The injection of venture capital is expected to break through the bottleneck of bio-pesticide funds, thus making biological pesticides bigger and stronger.
With the establishment of biotechnology venture capital companies, venture capital will play a supporting role and propeller role in the development of biopesticide. The introduction of venture capital funds, giving priority to the development of biological pesticides, and the comprehensive development of other high-tech pesticides with bio-pesticides has become a direction for the development of China's pesticide industry. At present, there are 17 pesticide-based businesses in more than 1,000 enterprises in the main board market, among which Sanonda, Shandong Pesticide and Fujian Sannong are among the best. The 1999 performance statistics show that the mains of 17 companies The average business growth rate was 18.08%, the net profit increased by 18.69%, and the return on net assets was 9.69%. Many economic indicators exceeded the average index of the main board enterprises. The performance of the pesticide market in the main board market has been recognized by investors as bio-pesticides. Entering the capital market laid the foundation.
The common features of most biopesticide companies in China today are:
1 Biopesticide technology has matured. The degree of industrialization is already high;
2 high technology content;
3 Most of them are small and medium-sized enterprises, and the products are relatively single, but the main bio-pesticide business is outstanding;
4 There is a big gap between the start-up and surrounding funds.
The main crux of restricting the current development of bio-pesticide in China is the serious shortage of funds. The introduction of venture capital funds and entering the risk market has become a shortcut to vigorously develop bio-pesticide. Most biopesticide companies in foreign countries have joined forces with venture capital to jointly develop biopesticide. Venture capitalists are generally optimistic about bio-pesticide, and believe that bio-pesticide money is brilliant. After the concept of the network, American venture capitalists have stepped into the field of biotechnology. The market value of Wall Street biotech stocks doubled in 2000, with a total value of more than $300 billion; biotech stocks in the Nasdaq Composite Index rose by 321% in 2000; the Biotechnology stock index in the Standard & Poor's Index also All the way up, the increase has exceeded 100%.
Although there are some problems in the development of bio-pesticide, due to its high efficiency, broad spectrum, compatibility with human and animal safety and ecological environment compatibility, its development prospects are very broad, and it will become the leading product of pesticides in the future.
In the traditional sense, biological pesticides mainly refer to biological organisms that can be used to control diseases, insects, grasses and other harmful organisms, and use bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes and antagonistic microorganisms to control pests and diseases. Now, the concept of biopesticide has been expanded to define biological organisms, their metabolites and transgenic products, which are used to control pests such as diseases, insects and grasses, and can be used as biological source preparations for the circulation of commodities, including bacteria and viruses. Fungi, nematodes, plant growth regulators, and transgenic plants resistant to pests and diseases.
In recent years, the development and application of biological pesticides abroad has developed rapidly. In response to the various drawbacks of chemical pesticides, some countries have developed a series of bio-pesticides with high selectivity, high efficiency and no pollution. At present, among the biological pesticides, the most commonly used fungi in the world are Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium, which can control about 200 kinds of pests; the most commonly used bacteria are Bacillus thuringiensis, which is mainly used for controlling cotton, vegetables and fruits. A variety of lepidoptera and a variety of other pests, the efficacy is 55% higher than chemical pesticides; and viral insecticides can effectively prevent difficult diseases such as Spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SLNPV). There are about 30 kinds of commercial bio-pesticide in the world, only one Bt preparation, and the sales in 1997 reached 984 million US dollars. Statistics show that US biocide sales in 1990 were $15 million, and by 2000 it was estimated to have reached $600 million. In the past three years, China's bio-pesticides have increased by 80%. In 2000, the proportion of sales increased from 9% to 20%. It is safe to say that as long as agricultural development needs, bio-pesticides will have more room for development.
Domestic product status
The study of biopesticide in China began in the early 1950s and has a history of more than 50 years. More than 30 research institutes have been formed, and there are about 200 bio-pesticide production enterprises (about 2,000 pesticide production enterprises in the country). The main varieties are Bt insecticides and agricultural antibiotics (jinggangmycin, Liuyangmycin, and polymycin). , avermectin, etc.), plant-derived pesticides (rotopone, saponin, nicotine, alfalfa, etc.), transgenic plants (insect-resistant cotton, anti-white-leaf transgenic rice, etc.), viral pesticides (S. cerevisiae nuclear multi-angle Somatic viruses, Helicoverpa armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus, etc., fungal pesticides (B. albicans, Trichoderma, etc.), plant growth regulating pesticides (5406 cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, etc.).
With the rise of global biotechnology heat waves, the advantages of pollution-free, non-polluting, non-residual, low-cost and non-resistance make bio-pesticides regain favor and achieve rapid growth with annual sales growth of 10%-20%. . According to the statistics of the "Pesticide Registration Announcement", there are mainly the following types of biological pesticides that have been researched in China and have commercialized products:
Bt Bacillus Bt began in the 1960s and has grown to 80 manufacturers. It produces about 30,000 tons of products per year and is used in more than 20 provinces and cities to control crops such as grain, cotton, fruit, vegetables and forests. More than 20 kinds of pests, with an area of ​​more than 80 million mu. At present, the development of Bt is developing towards improving process flow and improving product quality, while continuing to search for Bt strains that naturally exist in Bt strains and molecular biology techniques to transform established strains.
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) This type of specificity is strong and develops rapidly. At present, more than 10 kinds of products have been developed, including cotton bollworm, cabbage caterpillar, Spodoptera litura, tea ruler, etc. More than a dozen products have been registered. Representative development units are Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuda Oasis Biotechnology Company. The output exceeds 1,000 tons.
Avermectin is one of the fastest growing macrolide antibiotics in recent years. By the end of 2000, 198 companies had been approved to produce avermectin single agent or avermectin as a raw material. The preparation of the preparation has strong contact activity and stomach toxicity, and can control various pests on various crops such as citrus, forestry, cotton, vegetables, tobacco, rice and the like.
Antibiotics China's antibiotics have been developed earlier, and the level is at the advanced level in the world. The products include Jinggangmycin, Nongkang 120, principal sulphate, scutellarin, spring lyre, and streptomycin. It is worth mentioning that the Jinggangmycin developed in the 1970s is enduring, and it is still the main breed of rice sheath blight prevention and control. The use area is 130 million mu (1 mu = 667 square meters), and it is based on the original liquid agent. , the development of high levels of soluble powder, the use of area has further increased. Since the 1990s, the research and development of antibiotics has developed rapidly. There are 20 kinds of pesticides approved for registration in China, 170 products, and 253 manufacturers, with an annual output of about 60,000-70 tons.
Biochemical pesticides are mainly plant growth agents and insect growth regulator products, and some products have been researched and developed in China. Among them, gibberellin has a long history of production, large output, and many manufacturers. The peak production of several thousand tons per year, the production of gibberellin has declined in recent years. The bryostatin is also a promising variety. In addition, chlorfenapyr, diflubenzuron, mosquito oil, ethephon, paclobutrazol, as well as red bollworm, cotton bollworm attractant, interferon, etc. have been successfully developed and entered industrial production, and some have been used for many years.
Problems in the development of industrialization
Although bio-pesticide is currently in full swing in the world, the market share is still very low compared with chemical pesticides in China. The main reasons are as follows:
The slow-acting biological pesticide does not have the advantages of less chemical pesticides and quicker effects. When encountering sudden and devastating pests and diseases, biological pesticides are even more difficult. In addition, farmers believe that there is no obvious price difference in the market for products produced with highly toxic pesticides and bio-pesticides, which is also an important reason why some farmers are reluctant to use biological pesticides. Therefore, the agricultural product market must also establish an operational mechanism for quality inspection and quality price difference.
Consumers' awareness and skills are poor. Bio-pesticide technology is strong. Farmers need to have a technology, concept transformation and adaptation process in the process of use. When new products go to market, the most important task is to promote. Therefore, all agriculture-related departments should increase the promotion and promotion of bio-pesticide, so that farmers can master the use of bio-pesticide skills to improve farmers' enthusiasm and subjective initiative in the use of bio-pesticide.
At present, the scale of enterprises is small. Most of the more than 200 biopesticide manufacturers in China are small enterprises, of which township and village enterprises account for a large part. These companies are vulnerable to market shocks and are difficult to sell in the situation of oversupply in the pesticide market. The lack of funds and technical personnel, coupled with the low conversion rate of scientific research results, led to the small scale of production and single product variety of bio-pesticide companies. At the same time, the disconnection between scientific research and production makes the production and sales profits of products not used in proportion to product research and development, so that the development of biological pesticides cannot enter the normal rapid development track. It is imperative to take the joint road.
Development Opportunities
The development of chemical pesticides is limited Due to the rapid development of pesticides and the growing awareness of human protection of the living environment and the shortcomings of chemical pesticides themselves, the development of chemical pesticides is becoming more and more difficult. Internationally, the demand for chemical pesticides tends to be saturated, and some years and a few varieties have shown a downward trend; domestic pesticide production capacity is excessive, and in addition to a small amount of fungicides and herbicides, there is still room for development, and pesticides are facing variety renewal and The factors that reduce the production situation and limit the development of chemical pesticides are as follows: 1 The difficulty in developing pesticides is increasing. As the environment and registration requirements become higher, forcing developers to look for better and safer compounds, the success rate has fallen dramatically. 2 bear the stigma of environmental pollution and damage to the ecological environment. On the whole, the proportion of pesticide pollution in the overall environmental pollution should be relatively small. It is undeniable that in addition to causing direct poisoning of humans and animals, the large-scale use of chemical pesticides also causes pollution to soil, groundwater, rivers and lakes due to its residues in soil and crops, especially for the survival and health of future generations. The use of high-efficiency, broad-spectrum chemical pesticides, while killing pests, also eliminates a large number of beneficial natural enemies, causing serious damage to the ecological balance of nature. 3 is prone to drug resistance. Experiments have shown that long-term and large-scale use of chemical pesticides can easily cause pest resistance. The launch of venture capital to promote the GEM market (ie the second board market) will bring new development opportunities for bio-pesticide. Biotechnology will soon be on the stock market, because bio-pesticide involves the biotechnology sector, the environmental protection sector, and the agricultural sector. These are the hot spots for investors to catch up. The injection of venture capital is expected to break through the bottleneck of bio-pesticide funds, thus making biological pesticides bigger and stronger.
With the establishment of biotechnology venture capital companies, venture capital will play a supporting role and propeller role in the development of biopesticide. The introduction of venture capital funds, giving priority to the development of biological pesticides, and the comprehensive development of other high-tech pesticides with bio-pesticides has become a direction for the development of China's pesticide industry. At present, there are 17 pesticide-based businesses in more than 1,000 enterprises in the main board market, among which Sanonda, Shandong Pesticide and Fujian Sannong are among the best. The 1999 performance statistics show that the mains of 17 companies The average business growth rate was 18.08%, the net profit increased by 18.69%, and the return on net assets was 9.69%. Many economic indicators exceeded the average index of the main board enterprises. The performance of the pesticide market in the main board market has been recognized by investors as bio-pesticides. Entering the capital market laid the foundation.
The common features of most biopesticide companies in China today are:
1 Biopesticide technology has matured. The degree of industrialization is already high;
2 high technology content;
3 Most of them are small and medium-sized enterprises, and the products are relatively single, but the main bio-pesticide business is outstanding;
4 There is a big gap between the start-up and surrounding funds.
The main crux of restricting the current development of bio-pesticide in China is the serious shortage of funds. The introduction of venture capital funds and entering the risk market has become a shortcut to vigorously develop bio-pesticide. Most biopesticide companies in foreign countries have joined forces with venture capital to jointly develop biopesticide. Venture capitalists are generally optimistic about bio-pesticide, and believe that bio-pesticide money is brilliant. After the concept of the network, American venture capitalists have stepped into the field of biotechnology. The market value of Wall Street biotech stocks doubled in 2000, with a total value of more than $300 billion; biotech stocks in the Nasdaq Composite Index rose by 321% in 2000; the Biotechnology stock index in the Standard & Poor's Index also All the way up, the increase has exceeded 100%.
Although there are some problems in the development of bio-pesticide, due to its high efficiency, broad spectrum, compatibility with human and animal safety and ecological environment compatibility, its development prospects are very broad, and it will become the leading product of pesticides in the future.
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