Classification of glass
Classified by production process
Hot-melt glass: embossed glass, forged glass, crystal glass, glazed glass, wired glass, polycrystalline glass, glass mosaic, tempered glass, laminated glass, insulating glass, dimming glass, luminescent glass.
Simple classification
The simple classification of glass is mainly divided into flat glass and deep processed glass. There are three main types of flat glass: the flat plate glass (with or without grooves), the flat plate glass and the float glass. Float glass is becoming the mainstream of glass manufacturing methods because of the uniform thickness of the float glass, the flatness of the upper and lower surfaces, and the impact of high labor productivity and management. There are many varieties of special glass. The following are the descriptions of the common varieties in the decoration:
First, ordinary flat glass
1, 3--4 PCT glass, mm is also called PCT in daily life. The 3 PCT glass we refer to refers to glass with a thickness of 3 mm. This type of glass is mainly used for the frame surface.
2, 5--6 PCT glass, mainly used for small-area light-transparent shapes such as exterior wall windows and door fans.
3, 7--9 PCT glass, mainly used in large-area indoor screens but also frame-protected shapes. 4, 9-10 cm glass, can be used for indoor large-area partitions, railings and other renovation projects.
5, 11--12 PCT glass, can be used for floor spring glass doors and some large partitions for active people.
6, 15 cents or more of glass, generally less on the market, often need to order, mainly used for large areas of floor spring glass doors and exterior wall glass wall.
Second, deep processing glass
In order to meet the various needs in production and life, people have deep processing of ordinary flat glass, the main classification:
1. Tempered glass. It is a kind of prestressed glass which is processed by ordinary flat glass. Tempered glass has two major characteristics compared to ordinary flat glass:
1) The strength of the former is several times that of the latter, the tensile strength is more than three times that of the latter, and the impact resistance is more than five times that of the latter.
2) Tempered glass is not easy to be broken, even if it is broken, it will be broken in the form of particles without sharp angles, which will greatly reduce the damage to human body.
2. Frosted glass. It is also sanded on ordinary flat glass. Generally, the thickness is more than 9 PCT, and the thickness is mostly 5 or 6 PCT.
3. Sandblasted glass. The performance is basically similar to frosted glass, and different modified sanding is sandblasting. Because the two are visually similar, many owners, even renovation professionals, confuse them.
4. Embossed glass. It is a flat glass manufactured by calendering. Its biggest feature is that it is opaque and is used in renovation areas such as restrooms.
5, wired glass. It is a kind of anti-impact flat glass made by embedding a wire or a metal mesh in a glass plate by a calendering method, and only forms a radial crack when impacted, and does not cause injury to the underarm. Therefore, it is mostly used in high-rise buildings and strong buildings.
6, insulating glass. The two glasses are kept at a certain interval by the bonding method. The air is dry in the interval, and the periphery is sealed with a sealing material. It is mainly used in the decoration works with sound insulation requirements.
7, laminated glass. Laminated glass is generally composed of an organic glue layer between two sheets of ordinary flat glass (which may also be tempered glass or other special glass) and glass. When damaged, the debris still adheres to the glue layer, avoiding the damage caused by the debris splash. Mostly used for renovation projects with safety requirements.
8, bulletproof glass. In fact, it is a kind of laminated glass, except that the glass used is mostly made of tempered glass with higher strength, and the number of interlayers is relatively large. It is often used in renovation projects such as banks or luxury homes where safety requirements are very high.
9, hot bending glass. Curved glass made by high-quality flat glass heating and softening in a mold and then annealed. The style is beautiful, the lines are smooth, and the frequency of appearance in some advanced decoration is getting higher and higher.
10, glass bricks. The manufacturing process of the glass brick is basically the same as that of the flat glass, and the molding method is different.
The middle is dry air. It is mostly used in decorative projects or in light-transparent shapes with insulation requirements.
11, cellophane. Also known as glass film, with a variety of colors and colors. Depending on the properties of the paper film, it has different properties. Most of them play the role of heat insulation, infrared protection, UV protection and explosion protection.
12, LED photoelectric glass. Photoelectric glass is a new type of environmentally-friendly and energy-saving product. It is a combination of LED and glass. It has both glass permeability and LED brightness. It is mainly used for indoor and outdoor decoration and advertising.
13. Dimming glass: The power is transparent and the glass is transparent. When it is powered off, it is white and opaque. When it is opaque, it can be used as a rear projection screen.
Component classification
Glass is usually classified into oxide glass and non-oxide glass according to its main components. Non-oxide glass varieties and quantities are few, mainly sulfur glass and halide glass. The anion of the chalcogenide glass is mostly sulfur, selenium, tellurium, etc., and can cut off short-wavelength light and pass yellow, red, and near-infrared light, and has low resistance, and has switching and memory characteristics. Halide glass has a low refractive index and a low dispersion, and is often used as an optical glass.
The oxide glass is further classified into silicate glass, borate glass, phosphate glass, and the like. Silicate glass refers to a glass whose basic component is SiO2, which has many varieties and wide applications. Usually according to the different content of SiO2 in the glass and alkali metal and alkaline earth metal oxide, it is further divided into:
1 quartz glass. The SiO2 content is more than 99.5%, the thermal expansion coefficient is low, the high temperature resistance, the chemical stability is good, the ultraviolet light and the infrared light are transmitted, the melting temperature is high, the viscosity is large, and the molding is difficult. Used in semiconductors, electric light sources, optical communication, laser and other technologies and optical instruments.
2 high silica glass. The SiO2 content is about 96%, and its properties are similar to those of quartz glass.
3 soda lime glass. The SiO content is mainly composed of 15% Na2O and 16% CaO, which is low in cost, easy to form, and suitable for large-scale production, and its output accounts for 90% of practical glass. Can produce glass bottles, flat glass, utensils, light bulbs, etc.
4 lead silicate glass. The main components are SiO2 and PbO. They have unique high refractive index and high volume resistance. They have good wettability with metals and can be used in bulbs, vacuum tube columns, crystal glassware, flint glass and so on. Lead glass containing a large amount of PbO can block X-rays and gamma rays.
5 aluminosilicate glass. It uses SiO2 and Al2O3 as main components and has high softening and deformation temperature. It is used to make discharge bulbs, high temperature glass thermometers, chemical combustion tubes and glass fibers.
6 borosilicate glass. With SiO2 and B2O3 as the main components, it has good heat resistance and chemical stability, and is used to manufacture cooking utensils, laboratory instruments, metal solder sealing glass, and the like. Borate glass has B2O3 as the main component and has a low melting temperature and is resistant to sodium vapor corrosion. The rare earth-containing borate glass is a novel optical glass with high refractive index and low dispersion. Phosphate glass has P2O5 as its main component, low refractive index and low dispersion, and is used in optical instruments.
(1) Ordinary glass (Na2SiO3, CaSiO3, SiO2 or Na2O·CaO·6SiO2)
(2) Quartz glass (glass made of pure quartz as the main raw material, the composition is only SiO2)
(3) Tempered glass (same composition as ordinary glass)
(4) Potassium glass (K2O, CaO, SiO2)
(5) Borate glass (SiO2, B2O3)
(6) tinted glass in (general glass manufacturing process to add some metal oxides. Cu2O - red; CuO - blue green; CdO - light yellow; CO2O3 - blue; Ni2O3 - dark green; MnO2 - Purple; colloid Au - red; colloidal Ag - yellow)
(7) Color-changing glass (advanced colored glass using an oxide of a rare earth element as a colorant)
(8) Optical glass (add a small amount of light-sensitive substances such as AgCl, AgBr, etc. to ordinary borosilicate glass raw materials, and then add a very small amount of sensitizer, such as CuO, to make the glass more light. sensitive)
(9) Rainbow glass (made of a large amount of fluoride, a small amount of sensitizer and bromide added to ordinary glass materials)
(10) Protective glass (adding appropriate auxiliary materials in the ordinary glass manufacturing process to protect the human body from strong light, strong heat or radiation. For example, gray - dichromate, iron oxide absorbs ultraviolet rays And part of visible light; blue-green - nickel oxide, ferrous oxide absorb infrared and part of visible light; lead glass - lead oxide absorbs X-rays and r-rays; dark blue - dichromate, ferrous oxide, iron oxide absorption Ultraviolet light, infrared light and most visible light; cadmium oxide and boron oxide are added to absorb the neutron flux.
(11) Glass-ceramics (also known as crystallized glass or glass-ceramics, which are made by adding crystal nucleus such as gold, silver, copper, etc. to ordinary glass, instead of stainless steel and gemstones, as radomes and missile heads, etc.).
(12) Glass fiber (fibers of several micrometers to several thousand micrometers drawn or blown from molten glass, the composition is the same as glass)
(13) Glass filament (ie long glass fiber)
(14) FRP (reinforced plastic with a strength similar to steel obtained by combining epoxy resin and glass fiber)
(15) cellophane (transparent cellulose film made of viscose solution)
(16) An aqueous solution of water glass (Na2SiO3), named after the same component as ordinary glass)
(17) Metallic glass (glassy metal, generally produced by rapid cooling of molten metal)
(18) Fluorite (fluorite) (colorless and transparent CaF2, used as a prism and light mirror in optical instruments)
Performance classification
In addition, glass is divided into: tempered glass, porous glass (ie foam glass, pore size of about 40, used for seawater desalination, virus filtration, etc.), conductive glass (used as electrode and aircraft windshield), glass-ceramic , opal glass (for lighting devices and decorative items, etc.) and insulating glass (used as door and window glass).
Classification of automotive glass
Car laminated glass
Laminated glass refers to the use of a transparent adhesive plastic film attached between two or three layers of glass to combine the toughness of the plastic with the rigidity of the glass, increasing the crush resistance of the glass. Ability to maintain visibility. Mostly used in car windshields.
Automotive area tempered glass
The regional tempered glass is a new type of tempered glass. It has been specially treated to maintain a certain degree of sharpness in the crack of the glass when the impact is broken, so as to ensure that the driver's field of view is not affected. Mostly used for car windshield and instrument protection screen.
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