Key points of high-yield cultivation techniques of peanut

Before planting, the seeds should be shelled and sun-dried to ensure they are ready for optimal germination. It is best to choose a sunny morning and spread the seeds about 10 centimeters thick. Turn them every 1-2 hours and soak them for 2 to 3 days. The shelling process should ideally take place 10 to 15 days before sowing. After shelling, the kernels should be large, uniform, and full, with a good color. Avoid any mechanical damage to primary and secondary large seeds, and remove the smaller tertiary particles. Soil preparation is crucial for peanut cultivation. Since peanuts flower underground, the soil needs to be deep and loose on the surface. Deep plowing should be done before winter or early spring to improve root development. In clay soils, adding a small amount of fine sand can enhance drainage. However, avoid making the sand layer too thick. A 10–15 cm layer of clay beneath the plow helps retain water and nutrients. Applying base fertilizer is essential because the early growth stage has limited nitrogen-fixing ability, and fertilization during later stages may not be effective. Before planting, combine plowing with land preparation and apply the base fertilizer once to meet the plant's nutritional needs throughout the growing season. Farmers are encouraged to use farmyard manure where possible. For average yield fields, apply 2,000–3,000 kg of farmyard manure per mu, along with 30–40 kg of compound fertilizer, 30 kg of boron fertilizer, and 1 kg of additional boron. For high-yield fields, increase the manure to 3,000–4,000 kg per mu, 40–50 kg of compound fertilizer, and 1–1.5 kg of boron. Avoid applying seed fertilizers directly into the planting furrow, especially boron-based ones, as this can harm young seedlings. Sowing should occur when the 5 cm soil temperature stabilizes at 12°C, usually around mid-April to early May. Use large ridges with double rows, spacing the holes 16–18 cm apart, with 8,000–10,000 holes per mu. Plant two seeds per hole at a depth of 3–4 cm. In the early field management phase, focus on strengthening the roots, controlling pests and diseases, and promoting healthy seedlings. During the middle stage, control above-ground growth while encouraging the development of fruiting pegs and young pods. In the late stage, the main goal is "post-protection." Pay attention to drought resistance, prevent fruit rot, manage pests, protect leaves, and promote pod maturation for a high yield.

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