Tomato seed collection technology

1. **Seed Production of Conventional Varieties** To produce high-quality seeds of conventional tomato varieties, robust and disease-free plants that exhibit the typical characteristics of the variety are selected from the field. These plants should be isolated from other varieties by more than 10 meters to prevent cross-pollination. From the selected plants, the second and third clusters of fruits are chosen, with four fruits per cluster being selected. Once the fruits are fully red and mature, they are harvested in accordance with the specific traits of the variety. After harvesting, the fruits are placed in an environment of around 23°C for 5 to 7 days to allow them to ripen further. The seeds are then extracted, allowed to naturally ferment for 3 days, and the gelatinous coating is removed by washing and drying. 2. **Seed Production of Hybrid Varieties** When selecting parent plants for hybrid seed production, it is important to choose varieties with specific traits. For example, if an early-maturing variety is desired, the parent must also be early maturing. If a high-yielding variety is needed, the parent should be high-yielding. Most tomato flowers open in the morning and typically last for 4 to 5 days before they begin to drop. Female flowers have a fertilization ability that lasts up to 8 days, but the best pollination occurs within the first 5 days. The first step involves selecting the inflorescence and flowers. For hybridization, the second and third inflorescences are usually used, and 2 to 4 flowers close to the base of the inflorescence are selected. Any flowers at the base or thin ones on the upper part should be removed promptly to ensure successful hybridization. The second step is emasculation. This is done during the late stage of petal elongation, just before the pollen becomes mature. The male parts (anthers) are carefully removed using tweezers, while the female flower is held at the base with the left hand. The petals are gently lifted, and the anthers are removed without damaging the ovary or stigma. Immediately after, an isolation bag is placed over the flower to prevent unwanted pollination. The third step is pollen collection and storage. When the father’s flowers are open but have not yet released pollen, the pollen is collected after the morning dew has dried. The method involves opening the flowers, allowing them to dry, and then gently tapping them to release the pollen into a container. If the pollen sacs are still closed, they can be opened and tapped. Once collected, the pollen should be stored in a cool, dry place for up to 2 days. The fourth step is pollination. After 2 to 3 days of emasculation, the female flower will be fully open. Pollination should be carried out on windless days between 8 and 10 am. The paper bag is removed, and a brush is used to collect the pollen and apply it gently to the base of the female flower. Finally, the paper bag is replaced, and the date of pollination is marked. The fifth step is seed harvesting. On the sixth day after pollination, the paper bag can be removed, and the seed-bearing fruit is marked. The seeds are ready for harvest when the fruits are fully red and ripe. This process ensures the production of high-quality hybrid seeds that maintain the desired traits of both parent varieties.

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