Rational use of biological fertilizers for vegetables
2022-09-27 08:04:11
Biological fertilizers, that is, microbial fertilizers, including bacterial fertilizers and antibiotic fertilizers, are an auxiliary fertilizer that does not contain the nutrients required by plants, activates soil through the life activities of microorganisms in fertilizers, improves plant nutrient conditions, and improves soil fertilizer utilization. Rate, thereby reducing the amount of fertilizer used. Bio-fertilizer does not pollute the environment when used, and can enhance the disease resistance of vegetables. It is a fertilizer advocated for green food and vegetable production.
1 Characteristics of biological fertilizers Biological fertilizers do not destroy the soil structure, have long-lasting fertilizer effects, are harmless to humans, animals and plants, do not pollute the environment; and improve the yield and quality of crops. Some bio-fertilizers are selective, such as soybean rhizobium, which can only be applied to soybeans, but not to other legumes. Fertilizer effect is greatly affected by soil conditions and environmental factors. It should not be contacted or mixed with fungicides during use, and should not be exposed to sunlight for a long time.
2 types and use
a. Rhizobium Fertilizer The soil contains a rhizobium that is immersed in the root cells of the crop to form an enlarged nodule, which establishes a symbiotic relationship with the crop to fix the nitrogen in the air. The rhizobium in the root nodules of the leguminous crop is separated and selected for breeding, and the rhizobial agent is called a rhizobial fertilizer. Mainly used in legume vegetables.
The method of applying the rhizobium agent is as follows: the bacterial fertilizer is mixed with the seed, and the microbial agent is mixed with fresh rice soup and water to form a paste, and then mixed with the seeds, placed in a cool place, and then slightly mixed with a small amount of mud to wrap the seeds, and finally Mix with phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and add a small amount of trace elements such as molybdenum fertilizer and boron fertilizer, and immediately sow; second, the guest soil method, take some of the topsoil of the legumes planted in the previous year, and sprinkle it in the seeding hole during sowing; Inoculation method, the root system of the previous year is tall and a large number of nodules are rooted, hang in the ventilated place to dry, and the root tumor is removed at the next sowing, and a small amount of water is chopped and mixed.
b. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer There is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil. It lives freely in the soil and relies on the decomposition of organic matter in the soil to fix nitrogen in the air. Therefore, it is called autotrophic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Bacterial fertilizers containing a large number of aerobic autotrophic nitrogen-fixing bacteria are called autotrophic nitrogen-fixing fertilizers.
The dosage of solid microbial agents in accordance with national standards is 250-500 g per mu, the liquid microbial agent is 100 ml per mu, and the freeze-dried microbial agent is 50-100 billion live bacteria per acre. Most of the methods of use are seed dressing, and the solid fungicide can also be applied to the seedbed, or the root can be used for colonization during colonization.
c. Phosphate bacteria fertilizer Phosphorus bacteria in the bacterial fertilizer. Bacteria that have the ability to convert organophosphorus compounds in the soil to inorganically effective phosphorus are collectively referred to as phosphorus bacteria. When the phosphorus bacteria enter the soil together with the seeds, they multiply around the roots of the crops and convert the organic phosphorus into effective phosphorus that is easily absorbed by the crops, thereby improving the soil phosphorus supply.
Phosphorus bacteria do not lose vitality in the case of drying, can be made into a powder, or can be formulated into a liquid preparation. The efficiency of phosphorus bacteria is related to the content of organic matter in soil. The application effect of soil rich in organic matter is good, and the application effect in acid and barren soil is poor. Therefore, the application of organic fertilizer is better. Generally used for seed dressing, it can also be mixed with nitrogen-fixing bacteria to soak seeds or roots.
d. Biological Potassium Fertilizer (silicate bacteria microbial fertilizer) A preparation containing a large amount of aerobic silicate bacteria. It can decompose silicates and apatites such as feldspar and mica, and convert insoluble phosphorus and potassium into effective phosphorus and potassium.
The amount of 1-3 kg per acre is used as the base fertilizer, and it can also be mixed with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. When applying top dressing, apply as much as possible to the roots of the crop and cover it with fine soil.
e. Antibiotic fertilizers Fertilizers that have specific fertilizer effects on crops, stimulate crop growth, or have pest and disease resistance. There is a wide range of "5406" antibiotic fertilizers. The principle of action is to convert nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients that cannot be absorbed by crops in the soil; antibacterial substances produced in metabolites can inhibit certain pathogenic bacteria and enhance the disease resistance of crops; produce some stimulating substances and stimulate the seeds with phenylacetic acid and boroic acid. Germination increases chlorophyll content and increases enzyme activity.
f. Enzyme bacteria Acid bacteria are more than 20 kinds of beneficial microorganisms isolated from soil and other substances, which are cultivated and propagated to form a beneficial microbial community. The enzyme bacteria are used to decompose the cellulose, starch, sugar, protein, fat and shale substances in the wood chips, plant straws, and clam shells, and then decompose to produce humic acid and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements which can be absorbed and utilized by the plants. When the enzyme fertilizer is applied to the soil, it can promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, enhance the permeability of the soil, increase the ground temperature, increase soil fertility, maintain moisture and form beneficial microbial community advantages in the soil, inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms, and increase crop yield. And quality.
g. Compound microbial fertilizer refers to a fertilizer composed of two or more kinds of microorganisms or one kind of microorganisms compounded with other nutrients. Can be used as base fertilizer, seed dressing or foliar spray.
1 Characteristics of biological fertilizers Biological fertilizers do not destroy the soil structure, have long-lasting fertilizer effects, are harmless to humans, animals and plants, do not pollute the environment; and improve the yield and quality of crops. Some bio-fertilizers are selective, such as soybean rhizobium, which can only be applied to soybeans, but not to other legumes. Fertilizer effect is greatly affected by soil conditions and environmental factors. It should not be contacted or mixed with fungicides during use, and should not be exposed to sunlight for a long time.
2 types and use
a. Rhizobium Fertilizer The soil contains a rhizobium that is immersed in the root cells of the crop to form an enlarged nodule, which establishes a symbiotic relationship with the crop to fix the nitrogen in the air. The rhizobium in the root nodules of the leguminous crop is separated and selected for breeding, and the rhizobial agent is called a rhizobial fertilizer. Mainly used in legume vegetables.
The method of applying the rhizobium agent is as follows: the bacterial fertilizer is mixed with the seed, and the microbial agent is mixed with fresh rice soup and water to form a paste, and then mixed with the seeds, placed in a cool place, and then slightly mixed with a small amount of mud to wrap the seeds, and finally Mix with phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and add a small amount of trace elements such as molybdenum fertilizer and boron fertilizer, and immediately sow; second, the guest soil method, take some of the topsoil of the legumes planted in the previous year, and sprinkle it in the seeding hole during sowing; Inoculation method, the root system of the previous year is tall and a large number of nodules are rooted, hang in the ventilated place to dry, and the root tumor is removed at the next sowing, and a small amount of water is chopped and mixed.
b. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer There is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil. It lives freely in the soil and relies on the decomposition of organic matter in the soil to fix nitrogen in the air. Therefore, it is called autotrophic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Bacterial fertilizers containing a large number of aerobic autotrophic nitrogen-fixing bacteria are called autotrophic nitrogen-fixing fertilizers.
The dosage of solid microbial agents in accordance with national standards is 250-500 g per mu, the liquid microbial agent is 100 ml per mu, and the freeze-dried microbial agent is 50-100 billion live bacteria per acre. Most of the methods of use are seed dressing, and the solid fungicide can also be applied to the seedbed, or the root can be used for colonization during colonization.
c. Phosphate bacteria fertilizer Phosphorus bacteria in the bacterial fertilizer. Bacteria that have the ability to convert organophosphorus compounds in the soil to inorganically effective phosphorus are collectively referred to as phosphorus bacteria. When the phosphorus bacteria enter the soil together with the seeds, they multiply around the roots of the crops and convert the organic phosphorus into effective phosphorus that is easily absorbed by the crops, thereby improving the soil phosphorus supply.
Phosphorus bacteria do not lose vitality in the case of drying, can be made into a powder, or can be formulated into a liquid preparation. The efficiency of phosphorus bacteria is related to the content of organic matter in soil. The application effect of soil rich in organic matter is good, and the application effect in acid and barren soil is poor. Therefore, the application of organic fertilizer is better. Generally used for seed dressing, it can also be mixed with nitrogen-fixing bacteria to soak seeds or roots.
d. Biological Potassium Fertilizer (silicate bacteria microbial fertilizer) A preparation containing a large amount of aerobic silicate bacteria. It can decompose silicates and apatites such as feldspar and mica, and convert insoluble phosphorus and potassium into effective phosphorus and potassium.
The amount of 1-3 kg per acre is used as the base fertilizer, and it can also be mixed with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. When applying top dressing, apply as much as possible to the roots of the crop and cover it with fine soil.
e. Antibiotic fertilizers Fertilizers that have specific fertilizer effects on crops, stimulate crop growth, or have pest and disease resistance. There is a wide range of "5406" antibiotic fertilizers. The principle of action is to convert nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients that cannot be absorbed by crops in the soil; antibacterial substances produced in metabolites can inhibit certain pathogenic bacteria and enhance the disease resistance of crops; produce some stimulating substances and stimulate the seeds with phenylacetic acid and boroic acid. Germination increases chlorophyll content and increases enzyme activity.
f. Enzyme bacteria Acid bacteria are more than 20 kinds of beneficial microorganisms isolated from soil and other substances, which are cultivated and propagated to form a beneficial microbial community. The enzyme bacteria are used to decompose the cellulose, starch, sugar, protein, fat and shale substances in the wood chips, plant straws, and clam shells, and then decompose to produce humic acid and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements which can be absorbed and utilized by the plants. When the enzyme fertilizer is applied to the soil, it can promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, enhance the permeability of the soil, increase the ground temperature, increase soil fertility, maintain moisture and form beneficial microbial community advantages in the soil, inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms, and increase crop yield. And quality.
g. Compound microbial fertilizer refers to a fertilizer composed of two or more kinds of microorganisms or one kind of microorganisms compounded with other nutrients. Can be used as base fertilizer, seed dressing or foliar spray.
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