Main harmful substances and hazards of solvent-based wood coatings
Most solvent-based wood coatings used in interior decoration rely on organic solvents, with xylene being one of the most commonly used due to its strong dissolving power and moderate evaporation rate. However, these coatings can release harmful substances into the air during application and use, affecting indoor air quality and posing health risks.
The main components of wood coatings include volatile organic compounds (VOCs), benzene, toluene, and xylene. These chemicals are known to have negative effects on human health, especially when present in high concentrations indoors. VOCs contribute to air pollution and increase the load of organic pollutants inside homes and offices.
Exposure to VOCs can lead to symptoms such as headaches, sore throats, and respiratory issues. In severe cases, it may cause more serious health problems. Benzene, in particular, is a well-documented carcinogen that affects the blood system, nervous system, and skin. Although benzene is rarely used directly as a solvent now, it can still be found as an impurity in toluene and xylene.
Toluene and xylene are also significant contributors to indoor air pollution. Their presence in coatings can lead to long-term exposure, which may result in chronic health effects. Free toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is another dangerous substance, acting as a potent inhalation toxin that can accumulate in the body over time and irritate the eyes and respiratory system, potentially causing asthma or other breathing difficulties.
In addition to organic compounds, some wood coatings contain heavy metals like lead, cadmium, chromium, and mercury. These substances are soluble in the human body and can cause serious damage, especially to children. Lead exposure, for example, can affect the nervous system, reproductive system, and cognitive development. Cadmium can harm the kidneys and lungs, while chromium may cause skin irritation. Mercury poisoning primarily affects the central nervous system.
It's important to choose low-VOC or eco-friendly coatings to minimize the impact on indoor air quality and protect health. Awareness of the potential dangers of these chemicals can help consumers make safer choices when selecting materials for home improvement projects.
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