New materials help water and soil conservation
“At home and abroad, for the first time, we have achieved rapid ecological restoration from the gully bed to the top of the slope in the arsenic sandstone area, reducing the soil erosion of the arsenic sandstone by more than 95% and recovering the vegetation coverage to more than 90%.†Southeast University / Jiangsu University Expert Wu Zhiren said.
Over the years, Wu Zhiren and Yang Caiqian, a professor at Southeast University, led the team to develop a series of new high-performance materials based on soil and water conservation. They have gone out in the field of ecological restoration of desertification including arsenic sandstone and the soil and water conservation of engineering slopes. A new way.
New material sword refers to desertification control
In the past 30 years, China's economic and social development has made remarkable achievements, but the ecological environment has been seriously damaged. Despite the increased efforts to repair and control, the status quo is still grim. China's desertified land amounts to 2.61 million square kilometers, running through east and west and across north and south.
The integration of materials, engineering and biological measures is one of the most effective ways to achieve rapid restoration of the ecological environment and its sustainable development. However, the lagging research and development of functional ecological materials and the imperfect application technology system have hindered the development and large-scale application of ecological environment technology.
In view of the long and low ecological restoration period of traditional biological measures, the low ecological coverage of engineering measures, and the lack of suitable ecological restoration materials, Wu Zhiren team based on revealing the aging mechanism of the hydrophilic polyurethane multi-factor harsh environment coupling, The nano-modification and molecular chain structure design methods were proposed, and functional polyurethane composite materials for ecological environment restoration were developed.
It is reported that this material can react with water of any water quality to form a flexible body with good elasticity and mechanical properties. It can realize the ultraviolet durability period from less than 6 months to natural degradation and controllable within 30 years. It has a high degree of environmental protection and its natural The degradation products are also not ecologically hazardous.
Improve technology and expand application range
In desertified desert areas, where ultraviolet rays are strong, temperature differences are large, and water resources are scarce, under this special harsh environment, the team developed a rapid and controllable desertification ecological environment restoration technology based on hydrophilic polyurethane materials.
Team member Dr. Liang Zhishui introduced that this technology can achieve the rapid consolidation of loose sand within 5 minutes, forming a material with a void ratio suitable for plant growth-sand elastic consolidation layer.
"This consolidated layer has excellent mechanical properties, its tensile strength is close to 1 MPa, its deformability is more than 50%, and it is resistant to wind erosion of more than 12 grades; its water and fertilizer retention capacity is increased by more than 40%, and it can be gradually increased after 2 weeks To achieve vegetation restoration, the vegetation coverage of desertified desert areas can usually be increased from less than 10% to more than 50% within one or two years, "Liang Zhishui said.
At present, the technology has been recognized by the Ministry of Water Resources as an advanced and practical hydraulic technology, and it has been listed in the "2010 Key Water Conservation Advanced Technology Promotion Guidance Catalog" for key promotion, and has been adopted by the Ministry of Water Resources Technology Promotion Center as a practical new technology for sand prevention and control throughout the country. The key promotion and application have achieved remarkable ecological, economic and social benefits.
At the same time, the team also developed rapid slope soil and water conservation and greening technology, which can ensure that the slope is in a stable state under the influence of rain erosion, and control its soil erosion below 5%. The technology has been demonstrated and applied in the soil and water loss of purple soil, collapsing hills and water conservancy slopes in the Yangtze River Basin.
Inner Mongolia and Sanjiangyuan show remarkable achievements
In the Zhunge'er Banner area of ​​Inner Mongolia, there is arsenic sandstone called "Ecological Cancer", which is the main culprit of the coarse sediment of the Yellow River and the main driving force for the overhanging river in the lower Yellow River.
In response to the problems that arsenic sandstone is easy to be weathered and eroded and the ecological environment is extremely difficult to repair, the team, on the basis of revealing its lithology and strong weathering mechanism, wraps the dispersed arsenic sandstone particles through the repair of the bonding properties between the arsenic sandstone particles Integrated anti-wind erosion complex, developed the arsenic sandstone area ecological environment treatment technology, process and integrated two-liquid separation complete construction equipment based on hydrophilic polyurethane material, through the integration of materials, engineering and biological measures and the combination of arsenic sandstone area The topography and landform features established the arsenic sandstone rapid binary three-dimensional ecological environment governance model.
In the Sanjiangyuan region, grasslands have been seriously degraded, soil erosion has increased, desertification of land has expanded, glaciers and wetlands have receded, and biodiversity has declined sharply. "Under the circumstances that many ecological restoration technical measures are not effective and there are no very effective technical measures, we introduce a new type of composite material and carry out experimental demonstrations to provide new methods for sand prevention and control in the Sanjiangyuan area. From the technical level It has well supported the ecological restoration of the Sanjiangyuan region. "Yang Caiqian said. (Shi Junting)
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