Progress in research on interface materials for photovoltaic materials for all materials in Ningbo

Organic solar cells offer a range of advantages, including chemical diversity, lightweight design, and the ability to create large-area flexible devices. They have become one of the most promising and rapidly evolving areas in solar cell research. Inverted device structures, which use ITO as the cathode and high-work-function metals as the anode, significantly enhance device stability. However, due to the energy level mismatch between ITO and the acceptor material (such as PCBM), an interfacial layer is typically introduced between the ITO and the active layer to form an ohmic contact, improving electron extraction and collection efficiency. Alcohol-soluble organic molecules have emerged as effective cathode interface materials. These materials can lower the work function of ITO and improve the overall performance of photovoltaic devices. Their good solubility also allows for easy film processing. Researchers from the Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, led by Fang Junfeng, achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency of 9.2% by optimizing the conjugated units of alcohol-soluble conjugated small molecules. This breakthrough represents the highest efficiency reported at the time and marks a significant milestone in the field. Studies have shown that alcohol-soluble small molecules with larger conjugation systems can produce more hydrophobic cathode interface layers. This leads to improved active layer morphology, resulting in higher short-circuit current (Jsc) and fill factor (FF), ultimately contributing to high-efficiency devices. These findings open new avenues for the development of advanced organic interface materials. The results were published in *Advanced Energy Materials* (DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201400359) and a Chinese patent was filed (No. 201310264027.7). In addition to these developments, the research group has also explored other organic and inorganic interface materials, achieving excellent performance. Their work has been published in reputable journals such as *ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces* (DOI: 10.1021/am404423k, 10.1021/am403829k, 10.1021/am405622q) and *Journal of Colloid and Interface Science* (DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.12.057). This research has received strong support from multiple funding sources, including the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ 100-Talents Program, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Youth Project, the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, and the Ningbo Natural Science Fund. These resources have played a crucial role in advancing the study of interface materials for organic photovoltaics.

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