What is glass
Glass: A relatively transparent solid material that forms a continuous network structure upon melting, and gradually increases in viscosity during cooling and hardens without crystallizing silicate-based non-metallic materials. The composition of ordinary glass chemical oxides (Na2O·CaO·6SiO2), the main component is silica. Widely used in buildings, used to separate light from the wind, is a mixture.
Originally formed by the solidification of acid rocks ejected from volcanoes, around 3,700 BC, ancient Egyptians had made glass ornaments and simple glassware, only colored glass at the time. About 1000 BC, China made colorless glass. In the 12th century AD, commercial glass appeared and began to become an industrial material. In the 18th century, optical glass was produced to meet the needs of the development of telescopes; in 1874, Belgium first produced flat glass.
In 1906, the United States produced a flat glass lead-in machine. Since then, with the industrialization and scale of glass production, glass of various uses and various properties has been successively introduced. Modern, glass has become an important material in daily life, production and science and technology.
More than 3,000 years ago, a European Phoenician merchant ship was loaded with crystal mineral "natural soda" and sailed on the Beruth River on the Mediterranean coast. The merchant ship was stranded due to the tide of the sea. The crew then boarded the beach. Some crew members also carried a large pot, moved firewood, and used a few pieces of "natural soda" as a scoop for the cauldron to cook on the beach.
After the crew had finished eating, the tide began to rise. They were preparing to clean up and board the ship and continue to sail. Suddenly someone shouted: "Let's see, there are some bright, glittering things on the sand below the pot!"
The crew took the glittering things to the boat and studied them carefully. They found that these sparkling things have some quartz sand and melted natural soda. It turns out that these glittering things are the natural soda that they used to make the pots when cooking, and the crystals produced by the chemical reaction with the quartz sand on the beach under the action of flames. This is the earliest glass. Later, the Phoenicians combined the quartz sand with the natural soda and then melted it with a special stove to make a glass ball, which made the Phoenicians make a fortune. Around the 4th century, the Romans began applying glass to doors and windows. By 1291, Italy's glass manufacturing technology was very developed.
"Our glass manufacturing technology must not be leaked out, and all the craftsmen who manufacture glass will be concentrated together to produce glass!"
In this way, Italian glass craftsmen were sent to an isolated island to produce glass, and they were not allowed to leave the island during their lifetime.
In 1688, a man named Naf invented the process of making large pieces of glass. Since then, glass has become an ordinary item.
For centuries, people have always believed that glass is green and cannot be changed. Later, it was found that green was derived from a small amount of iron in the raw material, and the compound of divalent iron made the glass green. After the addition of manganese dioxide, the original divalent iron becomes trivalent iron, while the tetravalent manganese is reduced to trivalent manganese which is purple. Optically, yellow and purple can complement each other to some extent, mixing together to become white light, and the glass is not color cast. However, after a few years, trivalent manganese is continuously oxidized by the air, and the purple color will gradually increase, so the window glass of those ancient houses will be slightly purple.
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