What we should know about herbicides

In recent years, the use of herbicides in wheat fields has been increasing annually, and phytotoxicity incidents have become more common. To prevent such issues, it is essential to address them from multiple angles. First, choosing high-quality herbicides is crucial. With numerous brands available on the market, the quality of these products varies significantly. Before 2006, domestic herbicides mainly used benzenesulfuron-methyl. However, in recent years, compound and combination formulations have gained popularity. International companies like Dow AgroSciences, Bayer, Syngenta, DuPont, and FMC have also introduced well-known products. When selecting herbicides, it's important to avoid those that may harm the crops and instead opt for reputable brands from established manufacturers. Second, proper application techniques are vital. The secondary dilution method should be used: first mix a small amount of water with the concentrated herbicide, then pour it into a sprayer containing a certain amount of water. After that, add the remaining water while stirring thoroughly to reach the desired concentration. Avoid pouring the herbicide directly into the sprayer filled with water, as this can cause uneven distribution and clogging. It’s also important to use clean water for preparation. For soil-applied herbicides, the water volume should be higher—around 50-60 kg per 667 square meters. For foliar applications, 30-45 kg per 667 square meters is typically sufficient. Adjust the water amount based on crop conditions and soil type. Soils with high organic matter may require more herbicide, while sandy soils may need less to avoid over-application. When using a hand sprayer, maintain a steady pace and spray sideways, avoiding forward movement. Ensure the nozzle height and spray width are consistent for even coverage. Avoid over-spraying or missing areas, and choose sunny, windless days for spraying to prevent drift. After applying soil treatment herbicides, avoid cultivating the area for 1-2 weeks to preserve the herbicidal layer. If special equipment is unavailable, soak all contact parts in soda lime or sulfur solution for at least 48 hours before rinsing and using the sprayer for other crops. Lastly, when phytotoxicity occurs, immediate action is necessary. If the herbicide was applied in excess, rinse the leaves with water to reduce residue and promote transpiration. For mild cases, enhancing fertilizer and irrigation management can help the crop recover quickly. In more severe situations, antidotes like ferrous sulfate or calcium sulfide can be used depending on the herbicide type. For auxin-type herbicides, gibberellin can be sprayed, while foliar fertilizers can aid recovery after contact herbicides. Always follow specific guidelines for each product to ensure safe and effective use.

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