A few days ago, scientists from the Lausanne Institute in the UK made a breakthrough by successfully modifying the metabolic pathway of flaxseed to produce EPA and DHA, two essential omega-3 fatty acids. The research achieved a yield of 12% for EPA and 14% for DHA, which closely resembles the composition found in fish oil. These fatty acids are crucial for human health, as they play a vital role in regulating metabolism, supporting the immune system, and promoting the development of the nervous system, as well as maintaining cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health.
To achieve this, researchers focused on a plant rich in linolenic acid, a key precursor for EPA and DHA. They identified the genes responsible for producing these beneficial lipids in seaweed and other photosynthetic marine organisms. By transferring these genes into flax, they were able to enhance the plant's ability to synthesize the desired fatty acids.
In the first phase of the experiment, five genes were introduced, resulting in an EPA content of 24% of the total lipids in flax seeds. Subsequently, the team added seven more genes, which led to DHA levels reaching 8% and EPA at 11%. After further optimization, the transgenic flax produced 14% DHA and 12% EPA, making it a viable alternative to traditional fish oil sources.
It is worth noting that the total accumulation of these omega-3 fatty acids in the genetically modified flax seeds is comparable to that found in fish oil. However, naturally grown flax does not contain these specific lipids. This discovery could have significant implications for sustainable production of essential nutrients, especially as demand for plant-based sources of omega-3s continues to rise. (Li Muzi)
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