The danger of concentration polarization during membrane separation

When the concentration of solutes on the surface of a membrane reaches its saturation point, a layer of deposit or gel can form, increasing the resistance to fluid flow through the membrane. This phenomenon, known as concentration polarization, is a major challenge in membrane separation processes. The risks associated with concentration polarization include: 1. It increases the local concentration of solutes on the membrane surface, which in turn raises the osmotic pressure. This reduces the driving force for mass transfer, leading to lower permeate flux. 2. As the solute concentration approaches saturation, a deposited or gel-like layer may form on the membrane surface, further increasing the resistance and reducing the efficiency of the process. 3. The formation of these layers can alter the membrane’s original separation characteristics, affecting its selectivity and performance over time. 4. In cases where organic solutes accumulate, they may cause the membrane to swell or degrade, ultimately compromising its structural integrity and function. 5. Severe concentration polarization can lead to crystallization of solutes, which may block the flow channels and reduce the overall effectiveness of the membrane system. In summary, concentration polarization significantly impacts the membrane's rejection capability, lowers the permeation flux, and diminishes the overall separation efficiency. To mitigate these issues, proper operational strategies such as cross-flow velocity optimization, regular cleaning, and membrane material selection are essential. Source: http://news.chinawj.com.cn Editor: Hardware Business Network Information Center http://news.chinawj.com.cn

High Temperature And High Pressure Special Valves

Special valve refers to can be applied to a variety of special environment and adapt to a variety of complex conditions of the valve, is a very widely used in the national economic construction and development of a general mechanical products, in energy, chemical, medicine, agriculture, food, military and other industries are playing an extremely important role. With the in-depth promotion of industry 4.0, special valves have also entered a new stage of development, and the technology and market of special valves have also undergone new changes.
Compared with ordinary types of valves, special valves have obvious characteristics such as extremely complex internal flow, special structure, special materials and special uses. As a special valve in many valve types, it is applied to various special environments, can adapt to various complex working conditions, plays a special role and undertakes a particularly complex task. Therefore, special valves are often referred to as the "throat" of industrial pipes. More typical special valves are the main feed water regulator, pressure regulator spray valve, high pressure trap, Tesla valve, pilot Globe Valve, multistage pressure reducing valve, sleeve control valve, heart flap valve and so on. It is self-evident that the technical complexity of special valves is much higher than that of ordinary valves, which belong to high-end valve series both technically and in the market.

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