Introduction to the synthesis and identification of parathion complete antigen and its immune effect

Parathion is a colorless and odorless liquid commonly used as a broad-spectrum insecticide. It works through contact, stomach poisoning, and fumigation, making it effective against a wide range of pests. However, its high toxicity means that inhalation or ingestion can lead to severe poisoning and even death. In response to this concern, researchers from the School of Food Science and Technology at Huazhong Agricultural University conducted a study aimed at developing artificial antigens with strong immunogenic properties. This work laid the foundation for creating monoclonal antibodies specifically targeting parathion, which could be used in rapid detection methods for pesticide residues in food. The research focused on synthesizing two types of parathion-conjugated antigens, PA-1-BSA and PA-2-BSA, using different chemical approaches. One method involved modifying the nitro group of parathion, while the other transformed the phosphorus-sulfur bond using trichlorosulfate as a starting material. Both were then coupled with bovine serum albumin (BSA) via the EDC method to form immunogens. These were tested in Balb/c mice to evaluate their immune responses. The findings, published in the January 2013 issue of the *Journal of Preventive Medicine of the People's Liberation Army*, showed that the PA-2-BSA group outperformed the PA-1-BSA group in terms of antibody production. SDS-PAGE confirmed the successful synthesis of both complete antigens, and mass spectrometry revealed coupling ratios of N(PA-1/BSA)=7.2 and N(PA-2/BSA)=9.4. In terms of immune response, the indirect ELISA results indicated that the titer of the PA-2-BSA group was significantly higher than that of the PA-1-BSA group. Additionally, the competition ELISA test demonstrated that the half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PA-2-BSA was 1 μg/ml, far superior to the PA-1-BSA group, which had an IC50 greater than 100 μg/ml. These results highlight the potential of the PA-2-BSA antigen for more sensitive and reliable detection of parathion in food samples, contributing to improved food safety monitoring.

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