Optical glass classification by dispersion

Optical glasses are typically classified based on their dispersion properties, which refer to how much the refractive index changes with wavelength. This classification divides them into two main groups: crown glasses (K), which have lower dispersion, and flint glasses (F), which exhibit higher dispersion.

Among the crown optical glasses, there are several types including fluorite (FK), light bismuth (QK), phosphorus bismuth (PK), heavy phosphorus bismuth (ZPK), crown (K), heavy crown (ZK), barium crown (BaK), lanthanum crown (LaK), titanium crown (TiK), and others such as TK. These glasses are known for their relatively low dispersion and are often used in applications where chromatic aberration needs to be minimized.

Flint glasses, on the other hand, include light flint (QF), flint (F), heavy flint (ZF), barium flint (BaF), heavy barium flint (ZBaF), lanthanum flint (LaF), heavy lanthanum flint (ZLaF), titanium flint (TiF), potassium flint (KF), and special flint (TF). These materials have higher dispersion and are commonly used in combination with crown glasses to correct optical aberrations in complex lens systems.

The distribution of these glasses is often represented in a diagram showing the relationship between the refractive index (nd) and the Abbe number (v), which is a measure of dispersion. This visual aid helps opticians and designers choose the right glass for specific optical applications.

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