Optical glass classification by dispersion

Optical glasses are generally categorized based on their dispersion properties. They can be divided into two main groups: crown glasses (K), which have lower dispersion, and flint glasses (F), which exhibit higher dispersion. This classification helps in selecting the appropriate type of glass for specific optical applications.

Among the crown glasses, there are several subtypes such as fluorocrown (FK), light bismuth (QK), phosphor bismuth (PK), heavy phosphor bismuth (ZPK), crown (K), heavy crown (ZK), barium crown (BaK), lanthanum crown (LaK), titanium crown (TiK), and other specialized types like TK. These glasses are typically used in lenses where low dispersion is required to minimize chromatic aberration.

On the other hand, flint glasses include light flint (QF), flint (F), heavy flint (ZF), barium flint (BaF), heavy barium flint (ZBaF), lanthanum flint (LaF), heavy lanthanum flint (ZLaF), titanium flint (TiF), potassium flint (KF), and special flint (TF). These materials are known for their high refractive index and greater dispersion, making them suitable for more complex optical systems that require correction of optical aberrations.

The distribution of these glasses is often illustrated in a diagram showing the relationship between the refractive index (nd) and the Abbe number (v), which represents the dispersion characteristics. This visual aid helps engineers and designers choose the right material based on the desired optical performance.

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