U.S. Develops DNA Graphene Nanostructures

In a groundbreaking development reported by the Physicist Organization Network on April 11 (Beijing time), researchers from MIT and Harvard University have made significant progress in constructing graphene nanostructures using DNA. This innovative approach has brought scientists closer to large-scale production of graphene-based electronic chips. The findings were recently published in *Nature Communications*, marking a major milestone in nanotechnology. The team utilized DNA as a template to control the formation of inorganic nanostructures on graphene, enabling the creation of intricate nanoscale patterns. By designing specific DNA sequences, they could manipulate molecular structures into various folded shapes, which then guided the arrangement of carbon atoms in graphene. This method relies on single-stranded DNA, which functions like a customizable building block. Each strand can bind to four different structures, allowing them to interlock and form complex nanostructures. So far, over 100 distinct patterns have been successfully created using this technique. However, DNA is not ideal for long-term use due to its susceptibility to degradation from sunlight, oxygen, and chemical reactions. To overcome this, the researchers transferred the structural information from DNA to graphene. They first immobilized the DNA on graphene’s surface, then coated it with silver and gold. After etching away the exposed graphene, a stable metal-coated DNA structure remained, which was later removed, leaving behind a precise graphene pattern. While the process is promising, some details were lost during metallization, making it less precise than traditional electron beam lithography. However, the latter is expensive, slow, and hard to scale up, making this new method more practical for future applications. Among the structures created, graphene ribbons and rings are particularly exciting. Graphene ribbons can confine electrons, creating a bandgap that is essential for transistor function. Unlike regular graphene, these ribbons can act as components in electronic circuits. Similarly, graphene rings show potential for quantum interference transistors. Looking ahead, this DNA-based technique could revolutionize the design and fabrication of graphene electronic circuits. For years, scientists have struggled to place nanowires or nanotubes onto graphene surfaces, but this method simplifies the process significantly. As Professor Robert Harden from UC Berkeley noted, the concept is highly innovative and holds great promise for advancing graphene-based nanoelectronics.

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