Guiding opinions on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

Since early March, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have experienced multiple rainfall events, leading to high field humidity and waterlogging in some areas. Particularly since early April, there have been more than three significant rainfall events, characterized by heavy rain, prolonged duration, and wide coverage. The meteorological department has forecasted another major rainfall event in late April. Currently, winter wheat in this region is in the heading and flowering stage, which is 5-7 days earlier than usual. This timing coincides with continuous rainy weather, creating a double challenge for wheat production. The Ministry of Agriculture’s Wheat Experts Steering Group and the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center have emphasized the need to focus on pest control and waterlogging prevention based on the growth conditions of wheat and the spread of pests. Effective field management during this critical period is essential to ensure a successful harvest of summer grains. First, attention should be given to the prevention and control of scab to minimize losses caused by pests and diseases. During the winter and spring, the temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has been higher than average, leading to dense wheat populations that are favorable for disease outbreaks. Especially during the heading and flowering stage, prolonged rain creates ideal conditions for Fusarium infection, potentially causing scab and affecting both yield and quality. Additionally, high humidity has led to the resurgence of powdery mildew and sheath blight, with some fields experiencing "white spike" symptoms. A proactive approach is necessary, focusing on the prevention of scab with two applications: the first during the initial flowering stage and the second about seven days later. Fields that have already been treated should take advantage of dry periods to apply additional protection. At the same time, efforts should be made to manage other diseases like powdery mildew and sheath blight to reduce yield loss and achieve better grain quality. Second, it is crucial to clear ditches and improve drainage to promote healthy grain development. The heading and flowering stage is a key period for wheat fertility, but continuous rainfall can hinder dry matter synthesis and nutrient supply, impacting floret development. High humidity and rain during flowering may cause pollen grains to swell and rupture, affecting pollination and kernel formation. As the saying goes, “Wheat needs good drainage from sowing to harvest.” Ensuring the smooth flow of the “three ditches” (outer, inner, and field ditches) is vital. For fields with poor drainage or low-quality straw, checking the ditch system is essential. It must be ensured that the outer ditch does not flood the inner one. Regular cleaning of silt from inner ditches helps to drain water quickly after rain, reducing field moisture, minimizing waterlogging, enhancing root activity, and promoting balanced growth above and below ground. Third, implementing the “one spray and three defenses” strategy is important to prevent premature aging and increase grain weight. Continuous rainfall has led to waterlogged fields, especially in rice fields, reducing root activity and impairing nutrient absorption. Additionally, limited sunlight due to persistent rain reduces photosynthesis, increasing the risk of early senescence, which affects grain filling and 1000-grain weight. To address this, the key technical measures of “one spray and three defenses” should be strictly followed, with an increase in the number of sprays from 1-2 to 2-3 times. In the mid to late grain-filling stage, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2 times can help prevent premature aging, support grain filling, and enhance 1000-grain weight.

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