Guiding opinions on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

Since the start of March, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have experienced multiple rainfall events, leading to high field humidity and waterlogging in some areas. Particularly since early April, there have been over three significant rainfall processes with heavy rain, long duration, and wide coverage. The meteorological department has forecasted another major rainfall event in late April. Currently, winter wheat in the region is at the heading and flowering stage, which is 5-7 days earlier than usual. This overlap between the critical growth phase and continuous rainy weather poses challenges for wheat production. The Ministry of Agriculture's Wheat Experts Steering Group and the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center emphasize the need to focus on pest control and waterlogging management, ensuring effective field management during the late growth stage to secure a successful summer grain harvest. First, it is essential to focus on the prevention and control of scab to minimize crop losses. During winter and spring, the high temperatures in the region have led to dense wheat populations, creating favorable conditions for disease outbreaks. Especially during the heading and flowering period, prolonged rainfall creates an ideal environment for Fusarium infection, increasing the risk of scab, which can negatively impact both yield and quality. High humidity also promotes the resurgence of powdery mildew and sheath blight, with some fields showing "white spike" symptoms. A proactive approach, such as "prevention first, active attack," should be adopted, with two applications typically recommended—once during the early flowering stage and again seven days after the first. Fields that have already been treated should take advantage of dry periods to apply additional protection. At the same time, attention must be given to managing other diseases like powdery mildew and sheath blight to reduce yield loss and achieve better harvest results. Second, focusing on ditch cleaning and drainage is crucial for promoting healthy grain development. During the heading and flowering stage, wheat undergoes intense physiological activity, making it a key period for determining fertility. However, continuous rain can hinder dry matter synthesis and nutrient supply, affecting floret development. Additionally, high humidity during flowering may cause pollen grains to swell and rupture, impairing pollination and fertilization, which ultimately impacts kernel formation. It is vital to maintain clear ditches and ensure proper drainage. For fields with poor drainage, checking the condition of the "three ditches" (outer, inner, and field ditches) is necessary. Water levels in outer ditches should not exceed those in inner ditches. Silt should be removed promptly to allow quick water drainage, reducing field moisture, preventing waterlogging, and enhancing root vitality. This will support balanced above-ground and below-ground growth, ensuring normal flowering and fruiting. Third, implementing the "one spray and three defenses" strategy is important to prevent premature aging and increase grain weight. Continuous rainfall, especially in low-lying areas, leads to waterlogging, reducing root activity and nutrient absorption. Combined with limited sunlight, this can decrease photosynthesis and lead to early senescence, affecting grain filling and 1000-grain weight. To address this, the "one spray and three defenses" technique should be strictly followed, with an increased number of sprays—ideally from 1-2 to 2-3 times. During the mid-to-late grain-filling stage, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2 times can help prevent early aging, enhance grain filling, and improve the final grain weight.

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