How to avoid nuclear radiation in emergency?

According to the website of the National Atomic Energy Agency, in order to avoid or reduce the dose of nuclear radiation that workers and the public may accept in an emergency, certain emergency protective measures can be taken, such as concealment, evacuation, iodine protection, access control, food and drinking water control, Pollution, temporary relocation, permanent resettlement, etc.

Concealment refers to people staying in or entering the room, closing doors, windows and ventilation systems to reduce the inhalation and external exposure of radioactive materials in the plume and reduce the external exposure from radioactive deposits. Evacuation refers to the emergency transfer of people from the affected area to avoid or reduce high-dose exposure from smoke plumes or high-level radioactive deposits. This measure is a short-term measure, and it is expected that people can return to their place of origin within a certain limited time.

When the accident has or may lead to the release of radioactive isotopes of iodine, iodine protection can also be implemented, that is, taking a compound containing non-radioactive iodine to reduce the thyroid exposure dose. The risk of negative effects from taking stable iodine is very small for a single dose, but it increases with the amount taken.