China's iron-based powder metallurgy industry presents four major development trends

**Abstract** China's iron-based powder metallurgy industry is undergoing significant development, with four major trends shaping its future. First, there is a continuous effort to enhance the density of iron-based powder metallurgy materials, thereby expanding their application in replacing traditional forged components. Currently, mainstream iron-based powder metallurgy has a density of 7.2–7.4 g/cm³, while China's advanced technologies have pushed this up to 7.6 g/cm³. At this level, these materials are already replacing many connectors and components in automotive and mechanical industries. Considering the material efficiency and environmental benefits of powder metallurgy, the potential market for such parts could reach as high as 100 billion yuan. Second, the industry is focusing on improving the consistency, precision, and complexity of powder metallurgy parts, which will drive upgrades in industrial structures across machinery, automotive, and home appliance sectors. These improvements aim to reduce mechanical weight, save energy, lower emissions, and enable smaller, more efficient devices for consumer use. For example, Dongsheng Co., Ltd. has developed VVT components using powder metallurgy that not only improve engine efficiency but also significantly reduce vehicle exhaust emissions. Third, further alloying of iron-based powders is being pursued to achieve lightweight and functional properties. By incorporating elements like aluminum, magnesium, and rare earths, ultra-thin and lightweight materials can be produced, opening up new applications in fields such as electronics and wearable devices—areas closely tied to everyday life. Fourth, there is a growing focus on enhancing the electromagnetic properties of powder metallurgy parts, aiming to replace traditional materials like silicon steel and ferrite. For instance, oriented silicon steel reduces iron loss by minimizing grain boundaries, particularly in one-directional conduction. In contrast, powder metallurgy allows multi-directional conduction, enabling the creation of single-crystal-like structures within a single component. Some companies have already made breakthroughs in this area. If these technologies meet full industrial standards, they could revolutionize applications in transformers, motors, electric vehicles, and intelligent control systems, including robotics. These four directions represent the core development path of iron-based powder metallurgy, highlighting both technological innovation and broad industrial impact.

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