Using sunlight to produce unlimited renewable kerosene

Since the first successful synthesis of "solar" jet fuel, the EU-funded SOLAR-JET project has made significant progress in demonstrating a groundbreaking process that uses sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce renewable kerosene across the entire production chain. This marks an imperceptible but powerful revolution in the future of aviation manufacturing. The technology also holds promise for generating other types of sustainable fuels, such as diesel, gasoline, or even pure hydrogen, offering a cleaner alternative for transportation sectors.

Several leading research institutions—from academia to industry—such as ETH Zurich, Bauhaus-Luftfahrt, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), ARTTIC, and Shell Global Solutions are actively exploring concentrated solar energy-driven thermochemical pathways. A new generation of solar reactor technology is being developed, with the aim of producing liquid hydrocarbon fuels for sustainable transportation. These innovations are paving the way for a more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient future in the aviation sector.

"The growing environmental concerns and supply security issues have pushed the aviation industry to seek alternatives to conventional jet fuels," said Andreas Sizmann, coordinator of the Bauhaus aviation project. "The first proof-of-concept demonstration of 'Sun' kerosene by the SOLAR-JET project represents a major milestone in the development of sustainable aviation fuels."

Direct production of renewable kerosene using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide

The SOLAR-JET project showcases an innovative process that uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into syngas through redox reactions involving metal oxides at high temperatures. This syngas—a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide—can then be transformed into kerosene via the Fischer-Tropsch process. This method offers a promising pathway to produce clean, renewable fuels without relying on fossil resources.

"Solar reactor technology enables higher radiative heat transfer and faster reaction kinetics, which are essential for maximizing the efficiency of converting solar energy into fuel," said Aldo Steinfeld, lead professor from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.

Although solar-powered redox reactions for syngas production are still in the early stages, companies like Shell have already begun integrating these processes into kerosene production. This combined approach not only provides a safer and more sustainable supply of renewable aviation fuel but also aligns well with transportation needs. Additionally, kerosene produced through the Fischer-Tropsch process has already been approved for use in commercial aviation.

"Using concentrated solar energy to create liquid hydrocarbon fuels is a fascinating and innovative approach," said Hans Geerlings from Shell. "While individual steps of the process have been demonstrated, they haven't yet been fully integrated into a complete system. We're excited to collaborate with the project partners to advance this technology further."

The SOLAR-JET project, officially launched in June 2011, was funded by the European Union for four years. The initial phase focused on proving the technical feasibility of producing solar kerosene. In the next stage, researchers will work on optimizing solar reactors and assessing the technical and economic potential for large-scale implementation. The outcomes of the SOLAR-JET project are expected to push the boundaries of European research, innovation, and production in the field of sustainable fuels derived from concentrated solar energy.

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