Talking about energy saving of doors and windows for building energy saving

Energy conservation and emission reduction are global concerns. As an important part of energy conservation and emission reduction, building energy conservation has also received much attention. Driven by the building energy-saving policy, a large number of new environmentally-friendly doors and windows energy-saving products such as aluminum alloy energy-saving doors and windows, glass steel energy-saving doors and windows, and aluminum-plastic composite doors and windows continue to emerge. This paper analyzes the factors affecting the heat loss of doors and windows, and proposes the main ways of energy saving for doors and windows. Energy conservation and emission reduction are global concerns. As an important part of energy conservation and emission reduction, building energy conservation has also received much attention. At present, due to the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in China, with the continuous increase in the total construction volume, energy consumption has risen sharply. From the policy level, many policies on building energy efficiency have not yet been formed. From the perspective of habitual thinking, the Chinese people are not very aware of the use of energy-saving doors and windows.

For the door and window industry, the enthusiasm for research, promotion, and utilization of advanced technologies and products is not strong. The relevant measures for doors and windows have not yet formed a complete system, and the energy conservation and emission reduction have not been implemented. In building energy conservation, the role of doors and windows should not be underestimated. Whether to evaluate whether a building is energy-saving depends on whether resources are saved to the maximum extent during the life cycle of the building, including energy conservation, land saving, water saving, material saving, and protection. Whether the environment and pollution have been reduced, whether it provides people with healthy and efficient use of space, whether it is a harmonious and symbiotic building.

First, the door and window energy consumption remains high

With the introduction of new standards for building energy efficiency in China, door and window energy-saving products are favored by the market. At present, Tianjin, Anhui and other places have also introduced local building energy-saving standards, and actively accelerate the pace of building energy conservation. At present, China is at the peak of construction, with an annual housing area of ​​nearly 2 billion square meters, but more than 97% are high-energy buildings. It is estimated that by 2020, the country's high energy-consuming building area will reach 70 billion square meters. At present, more than 90% of the existing buildings of more than 40 million square meters in China are high-energy buildings. In high-energy buildings, door and window energy consumption accounts for nearly half. According to industry insiders, the key to building energy efficiency is the improvement of door and window energy-saving technologies. Therefore, new energy-saving doors and windows are an inevitable trend in the future development of the market. Driven by the building energy-saving policy, a large number of new environmentally-friendly door and window energy-saving products such as aluminum alloy energy-saving doors and windows, glass steel energy-saving doors and windows, and aluminum-plastic composite doors and windows are constantly emerging and new products are emerging. According to incomplete statistics, the market share of building energy-saving windows and doors has been increasing rapidly, accounting for 50% of the entire door and window market. Therefore, vigorously developing new products for door and window energy saving, whether economic or social, is very huge. .

Second, the factors affecting the heat loss of doors and windows

There are many factors affecting the heat loss of doors and windows, mainly in the following aspects:

2.1 Heat transfer system of doors and windows

The heat transfer coefficient of doors and windows refers to the amount of heat transfer per unit area per unit time. The greater the heat transfer coefficient, the greater the heat loss through the doors and windows during the winter. The heat transfer coefficient of doors and windows is related to the material and type of doors and windows.

2.2 The airtightness of doors and windows

The airtightness of doors and windows refers to the ability to block air penetration when the doors and windows are closed. The level of airtightness of doors and windows has a great influence on the loss of heat. The outdoor wind change will have an adverse effect on the room temperature. The higher the airtightness level, the less heat loss and the smaller the effect on room temperature.

2.3 window and wall ratio coefficient and orientation

The ratio of window to wall refers to the ratio of the area of ​​the outer window to the area of ​​the outer wall. Generally, the heat transfer resistance of doors and windows is much smaller than the heat transfer resistance of the wall. Therefore, the cold and heat consumption of the building increases with the increase of the window area ratio. As a measure of building energy efficiency, it is required to determine the appropriate window to wall ratio under the conditions of lighting and ventilation. In general, the solar radiation intensity and the sunshine rate are different in different directions, and the solar radiation heat obtained by the window is also different. The main way to save energy in doors and windows is mainly thermal insulation. The measures include: selecting energy-saving window type, improving the insulation performance of doors and windows, improving the airtightness of doors and windows, and determining the appropriate window-to-wall ratio and orientation.

3.1 Choose energy-saving window type

Window type is the first factor that affects energy efficiency. The energy-saving effect of the sliding window is poor, and the energy-saving effect of the casement window and the fixed window is superior. Because the sliding window slides back and forth along the sliding frame of the window frame, the upper part has a larger space, and the lower part has a gap between the pulleys, and the sash upper and lower forms an obvious convection exchange, and the convection of the hot and cold air forms a large heat loss, so no matter what kind of use Insulation profiles for window frames do not achieve energy savings. There is generally a rubber sealing bead between the sash and the window frame of the casement window. After the sash is closed, the sealing strip is pressed tightly, and there is almost no gap, and it is difficult to form convection. The heat loss is mainly the glass, the sash and the sash profile itself. The heat loss, the radiation heat dissipation, and the air leakage at the contact position between the window sash and the window frame, and the air leakage between the window frame and the wall, etc., the heat loss is relatively reduced. Because the window frame is embedded in the wall, the glass is directly mounted on the window frame. The glass and window frame have been sealed with rubber strips or sealant. It is difficult for air to form convection through the sealant, which is difficult to cause heat loss. On the fixed window, glass and sash heat conduction is the source of major heat loss.

3.2 Improve the insulation performance of doors and windows Before, we mostly use solid wood or composite panels as the door and balcony doors, their thermal insulation performance is poor, and it is not conducive to safety and fire. It is well known that wood is a substance that burns in the event of fire. On the other hand, the door and balcony doors are generally in contact with the outside world, and the wind, rain and snow in nature have a great negative impact on the door (deformation, cracks, decay). In some places, although the use of an empty thin plate as a door, it plays a certain role in improving the insulation of the door, but the strength of the door is poor. Under the influence of various external forces, the open door is easily damaged. Moreover, the maintenance is inconvenient and the price is expensive. Therefore, the hollow sheet can be placed on the indoor side, and the aluminum alloy is placed on the outer side to make the two complement each other, so that not only the heat insulation effect but also the safety protection effect can be achieved, and the heat transfer coefficient of the multi-function door can be Reduce to. Due to the variety of balconies (convex balcony, four-shaped balcony, semi-concave balcony), each insulation system should be handled according to different characteristics, but regardless of the balcony form (except for closed balconies), they all have one Common features: the steel door panel is made in the small parts of the balcony door, and the previous winter condensation is drowning. Now it is necessary to put an insulating material on it, and the upper transparent part is made of double-layer glass, and a certain thickness should be left in the middle to form an air layer. In this way, the thermal insulation effect is greatly improved.

3.3 Improve the airtightness of doors and windows Most doors and windows in China's houses, especially steel windows, have poor air tightness. Under the combined action of wind pressure and hot pressure, outdoor cold air enters the room through the gap between doors and windows in winter, thus increasing supply. Heat consumption. If a foam seal is provided, a new type of door and window material with good sealing properties is used. The gap between the door and window frame and the wall can be sealed by elastic soft materials (such as felt), elastic sealed materials (such as polyethylene foam), sealing paste and graying of the frame; the seal of the frame and the fan can be rubber or rubber. Or foam sealing strips, high and low seams, return air grooves, etc.; the seal between the fan and the fan can be used for sealing strips, high and low seams and outer strips; the sealing between the fan and the glass can be various elastic strips.

3.4 Determining the appropriate window-to-wall ratio and orientation Generally, the heat transfer coefficient of the window is greater than the heat transfer coefficient of the same wall with the same orientation and the same area. Therefore, the energy loss increases as the proportion of the window wall increases. Under the conditions of lighting and ventilation, it is more effective to control the proportion of window walls than to set insulation curtains and window panels. That is, the smaller the window wall area is than the design, the smaller the heat loss and the better the energy saving effect. The heat loss is also related to the orientation of the outer window. The south and north facing windows have high solar radiation intensity and sunshine rate, and the solar radiation obtained by the window is much hot. In the "Design Standards for Energy Efficiency of Civil Buildings (Heating Residential Buildings)", although the window area ratio and orientation are selectively regulated, they should be appropriately adjusted according to the specific conditions of each place. Considering the lighting needs of the living room in the north direction, the area ratio of the north facing window wall is 0.3; considering the current situation of some tower houses, the window area ratio of the east and west is 0.35; considering the south facing floor window, convex There are many opportunities for the window, and the area ratio of the south facing window wall is 0.45. Although the area of ​​the south outward window is increased, the radiant heat of the solar energy can be fully utilized to reduce the heating energy consumption, thereby realizing a spacious and bright field of view. Do not waste energy.

Fourth, the conclusion:

It is understood that through various efforts, coupled with the impact of national building energy conservation policies, the proportion of energy-saving and environmentally-friendly doors and windows is gradually increasing. Driven by the building energy-saving policy, a large number of new environmentally-friendly and energy-saving products such as aluminum alloy energy-saving doors and windows, glass steel energy-saving doors and windows, aluminum-plastic composite energy-saving doors and windows, etc. are constantly emerging and new products are emerging. According to incomplete statistics, the market share of building energy-saving windows and doors has been increasing rapidly, accounting for 50% of the entire door and window market. Therefore, the economic and social benefits of energy-saving windows and doors are extremely impressive.

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